Temporal and farm-management-associated variation in the faecal-pat prevalence of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>in ruminants

Grove‐White, Dai; Leatherbarrow, A. J. H.; Cripps, Peter; Diggle, Peter J.; French, Nigel P.

doi:10.1017/s0950268809991051

Cited by 34 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The Campylobacter prevalence in sheep (14.0%) was generally lower than reported elsewhere (range, 17 to 29.3%) (17,35,41,47). This study appears to agree with the true seasonal variation reported to exist in sheep, where the highest prevalence was recorded during the summer months (17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For example, feedlot cattle have previously been reported to show a higher prevalence than those on pasture (14), which is likely a result of increased exposure between animals in housing (4,29). However, contradicting this, dairy cattle had the highest prevalence during summer when grazing as opposed to when they were housed during the winter months (17). The presence of seasonal variation in dairy cattle is further supported by the work of Kwan et al (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Individual Campylobacter prevalence in cattle (the percentage of positive animals within a single herd) has been reported to range from 1.6% to 89%, with C. jejuni accounting for 55.4% to 100% and C. coli for between 0% and 30% of the Campylobacter organisms isolated (3,4,6,14,17,18,20,25,29,30,31,35,40,46). Sheep have been reported to show a prevalence of approximately 25 to 30% (22,23,35,41) and tend to carry higher proportions of C. coli than cattle, typically ranging from 30 to 47% (1,6,17,35,47), with the remainder being C. jejuni. Cattle and sheep appear to shed similar average concentrations, ranging from Ͻ10 2 CFU g feces Ϫ1 to 10 7 CFU g feces Ϫ1 (3,6,30,35,40,41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Variation and Host Association in the Campylobacter Population in a Longitudinal Ruminant Farm Study

Sproston

Ogden

MacRae

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were quantified and typed, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), from fecal samples collected from a mixed cattle and sheep farm during summer. Cattle had a significantly higher prevalence than sheep (21.9% [74/338] and 14.0% [30/214], respectively), but both decreased over time. There were no differences in the average Campylobacter concentrations shed by cattle (600 CFU g ؊1 ) and sheep (820 CFU g ؊1 ), although sheep did show a significant temporal reduction in the number of Campylobacter organisms shed in their feces. A total of 21 different sequence types (STs) (97.7% C. jejuni, 2.3% C. coli) were isolated from cattle, and 9 different STs were isolated from sheep (40.6% C. jejuni, 59.4% C. coli). The Campylobacter population in cattle was relatively stable, and the frequencies of genotypes isolated showed little temporal variation. However, the composition of subtypes isolated from sheep did show significant temporal differences. The cattle and sheep consistently showed significant differences in their carriage of Campylobacter species, STs, and CCs despite the fact that both were exposed to the same farming environment. This work has highlighted the patterns of a Campylobacter population on a ruminant farm by identifying the existence of both temporal and between-host variations.Campylobacter is the most commonly recognized etiological agent of bacterial gastroenteritis in many developed countries (5, 7), with incidence rates of 123.4 and 13.02 cases per 100,000 in Scotland and the United States, respectively, during 2009 (8, 33). Campylobacter jejuni accounts for approximately 90% of human Campylobacter infections, and approximately 10% are caused by C. coli (36). The sporadic nature of Campylobacter infection is partially responsible for underreporting and for sources of infection rarely being identified (13,32).The expanding use of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (10, 28) has enabled the accumulation of transferable data that can aid in the study of Campylobacter population structure. There is increasing evidence of host-associated lineages (12,26,27) that can ultimately be used to attribute human infection to its origin (36,37,42). In Scotland, the majority (58 to 78%) of clinical Campylobacter cases were related to chickens, in contrast to 18 to 38% of cases associated with ruminants (37). The role of ruminants as a major reservoir of Campylobacter is further highlighted by the rural-urban association of strains. While 42% of infections in children less than 5 years old who reside in rural locations are associated with cattle strains, in contrast, 43% of infections in children within the same age bracket who reside in urban locations are associated with chickens (42). Ruminants constantly shed Campylobacter organisms into the environment, where they act as a reservoir for human infection via ingestion from contaminated food or via contact with ruminants or their feces, either directly or indirectly. Individual Campylobacter prevalence in cattle (the percentage of...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Variation and Host Association in the Campylobacter Population in a Longitudinal Ruminant Farm Study

Sproston

Ogden

MacRae

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in the sheep samples in this study was 40% (n ϭ 10), which is higher than found in a previous study in the United Kingdom, which isolated Arcobacter using the Campylobacter-specific method, CC (10). Season, climate, geographical location, and sampling and isolation methods may all contribute to the low prevalence of Arcobacter recovered from sheep.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Comparison of Arcobacter Isolation Methods, and Diversity of Arcobacter spp. in Cheshire, United Kingdom

Merga

Leatherbarrow

Winstanley

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The aims of this study were, firstly, to compare five published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces in order to determine the most sensitive and specific method. Second, we analyzed the resulting isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in order to investigate the diversity of the isolates recovered. Third, we investigated the ability to recover Arcobacter spp. from frozen fecal samples. Seventy-seven fecal samples from cattle, sheep, and badgers were subjected to five isolation methods, based on published methods for the isolation of Arcobacter and Campylobacter spp. Thirty-nine Arcobacter butzleri isolates were analyzed using a multilocus sequence typing scheme. The survival of Arcobacter spp. in frozen samples was investigated by freezing the fecal samples at ؊80°C for 7 days and then applying the same five isolation methods. The most sensitive and specific method used an Arcobacter-specific broth in conjunction with modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) with added antibiotics. Freezing of fecal samples led to a reduction in the recovery of Arcobacter spp. by approximately 50%. The 39 allelic profiles obtained by MLST could be divided into 11 sequence types (STs). We have identified the most sensitive and specific method for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. from animal feces and demonstrated that the freezing of fecal samples prior to isolation reduces arcobacter recovery. MLST analysis of the isolates revealed a high level of diversity.

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“…Higher rates were recorded from chicken giblets (23·5%) compared to duck (19%), turkey (14·5%) and squab (4%) [25]. Previous studies in other countries have also identified C. jejuni as the most common isolate in poultry with C. coli being more frequently isolated from pigs and sheep [14,[26][27][28][29]. Generally, the population of pigs in Egypt is much lower than the poultry populations due to the popular consumption of poultry and the large-scale government culling of around 300 000 pigs during the 2009 H1N1 'swine flu' pandemic [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacterinfections in children exposed to infected backyard poultry in Egypt

et al. 2014

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SUMMARYCampylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease which has a worldwide public health impact. The disease is endemic in Egypt; however, the epidemiology in animals and humans has not been fully characterized. The objective of this study was to compare the risk of Campylobacter faecal carriage in children exposed to Campylobacter-infected vs. non-infected backyard poultry and to identify risk factors for a backyard being classified as infected. A total of 103 households which owned backyard poultry were sampled from a rural community in Egypt. Within these households 379 poultry and 106 children were tested for C. jejuni and C. coli; 23·5% and 5·5% of poultry were positive for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. In the studied households; 12·3% of children were positive for C. jejuni, and 2·8% were positive for C. coli. Using logistic regression, households with poultry positive for C. jejuni had 3·86 (95% confidence interval 1·0-15·0) times the odds of having children positive for C. jejuni compared to those housed with poultry which all tested negative. Backyard poultry may present a transmission route of C. jejuni to children. Backyards with poor cleaning and disinfection, wet litter and manure disposed of within the backyard had increased odds of being positive for C. jejuni. Enhancing biosecurity and management in poultry backyards may reduce the risk of the disease.

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Temporal and farm-management-associated variation in the faecal-pat prevalence ofCampylobacter jejuniin ruminants

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Temporal Variation and Host Association in the Campylobacter Population in a Longitudinal Ruminant Farm Study

Temporal Variation and Host Association in the Campylobacter Population in a Longitudinal Ruminant Farm Study

Comparison of Arcobacter Isolation Methods, and Diversity of Arcobacter spp. in Cheshire, United Kingdom

Campylobacterinfections in children exposed to infected backyard poultry in Egypt

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