Tempo de jejum, estado nutricional e complicações pós-operatórias de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate the fasting time and postoperative complications of patients undergoing elective surgery in a university hospital. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on surgical patients admitted to the Hospital Universitário de Lagarto from April 2018 to April 2019. For data collection, a semi-structured form was used that included questions related to the sociodemographic profile, clinical diagnosis, screening and nutritional assessment, fasting time and postoperative complications. The individuals were allocated into two groups, according to the preoperative fasting time: group 1 ≤ 15h and group 2> 15h. Α = 5% was considered in the statistical analyzes. Results: Of the 128 patients who participated in the study, 52% were classified as eutrophic and 37% as overweight; however, as for CMB, most were classified as adequate. The average total fasting time was 25 hours, with group 1 having a preoperative fasting time of 11:41 hours, while group 2 averaged 19:41 hours. Among the most frequent complications were nausea and vomiting. There was no difference between complications and preoperative time between groups. Conclusion: Patients remained in a prolonged preoperative period with intestinal, infectious and metabolic complications such as nausea, vomiting and hyperglycemia. The same patients showed good nutritional status.

Analysis of the Occurrence of Complications in the Anesthetic Induction in Patients Submitted to the Abbreviation of Preoperative Fasting

“…It helps in: not allowing prolonged fasting, indicating the use of a liquid diet enriched with carbohydrates on the eve of the operation, monitoring the postoperative period and prescribing the best diet for each speci c procedure. The nutritionist is the one who prescribes the pre and postoperative diet for each patient, ascertaining, together with the hospital's Multidisciplinary Nutrition Therapy Team (MNTT), how long the patient has been fasting, which comorbidities it has and which protocol should be followed in the postoperative period [6,22].…”

Efeitos da abreviação do jejum por meio de solução oral enriquecida com carboidrato (cho) em procedimentos hospitalares

“…Ele auxilia em: não permitir um jejum prolongado, indicar o uso de dieta líquida enriquecida com carboidrato na véspera da operação, acompanhar o pós operatório e prescrever a melhor dieta para cada procedimento específico. Ele é quem prescreve a dieta pré e pós operatória para cada paciente, averiguando, juntamente com a Equipe Multiprofissional de Terapia Nutricional (EMTN) do hospital, há quanto tempo o paciente está em jejum, quais comorbidades ele apresenta e qual protocolo deve-se seguir no pós-operatório (Martins, et al, 2020;Nascimento, et al, 2006;Oliveira, et al, 2009 ).…”