Tempo and scale of late Paleocene and early Eocene carbon isotope cycles: Implications for the origin of hyperthermals

Zachos, James C; McCarren, Heather K; Murphy, Brandon; Röhl, Ursula; Westerhold, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.004

Cited by 283 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, increased burial 25 of C org may occur on land during eccentricity minima because constant precipitation above peat lands provides conditions for development of year-round soil anoxia (Kurtz et al, 2003;Zachos et al, 2010). The resulting 13 C-enriched global exogenic carbon pool would be consistent with the phase relation we see in sediment records.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

Kocken¹,

Cramwinckel²,

Zeebe³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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supporting

confidence: 73%

The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

Kocken¹,

Cramwinckel²,

Zeebe³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The imprint of precession and/or obliquity forcing is very weak/absent throughout the entire record. As a result of our tuning approach, minima in δ 13 C are approximately in phase with maxima in the 405 kyr and ∼ 100 kyr eccentricity cycles, following previous work (e.g., Cramer et al, 2003;Lourens et al, 2005;Zachos et al, 2010;Stap et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…During the PETM global temper-V. Lauretano et al: Frequency, magnitude and character of hyperthermal events ature rose by 5-8 • C, and massive amounts of carbon were released as evidenced by a significant negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of > 3 ‰ in the ocean/atmosphere carbon pools, and widespread dissolution of seafloor carbonate (Kennett and Stott, 1991;Dickens et al, 1995;Thomas and Shackleton, 1996;Zachos et al, 2005Zachos et al, , 2008Sluijs et al, 2007;McInerney and Wing, 2011). A series of similar events are recorded in carbonate records from marine and continental deposits from the early Paleogene, as expressed by negative excursions in δ 13 C and δ 18 O often accompanied by dissolution horizons (e.g., Cramer et al, 2003;Lourens et al, 2005;Agnini et al, 2009;Galeotti et al, 2010;Stap et al, 2010;Zachos et al, 2010;Abels et al, 2012Abels et al, , 2015Slotnick et al, 2012;Kirtland Turner et al, 2014;Littler et al, 2014). Orbitally tuned records for this geological interval provide evidence that the early Eocene hyperthermal events were paced by variations in the Earth's orbit, specifically in the long-and short-eccentricity cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Frequency, magnitude and character of hyperthermal events at the onset of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Recent studies have shown that the Early EoceneClimatic Optimum (EECO) was preceded by a series of short-lived global warming events, known as hyperthermals. Here we present high-resolution benthic stable carbon and oxygen isotope records from ODP Sites 1262 and 1263 (Walvis Ridge, SE Atlantic) between ∼ 54 and ∼ 52 million years ago, tightly constraining the character, timing, and magnitude of six prominent hyperthermal events. These events, which include Eocene Thermal Maximum (ETM) 2 and 3, are studied in relation to orbital forcing and long-term trends. Our findings reveal an almost linear relationship between δ 13 C and δ 18 O for all these hyperthermals, indicating that the eccentricity-paced covariance between deep-sea temperature changes and extreme perturbations in the exogenic carbon pool persisted during these events towards the onset of the EECO, in accordance with previous observations for the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and ETM2. The covariance of δ 13 C and δ 18 O during H2 and I2, which are the second pulses of the "paired" hyperthermal events ETM2-H2 and I1-I2, deviates with respect to the other events. We hypothesize that this could relate to a relatively higher contribution of an isotopically heavier source of carbon, such as peat or permafrost, and/or to climate feedbacks/local changes in circulation. Finally, the δ 18 O records of the two sites show a systematic offset with on average 0.2 ‰ heavier values for the shallower Site 1263, which we link to a slightly heavier isotopic composition of the intermediate water mass reaching the northeastern flank of the Walvis Ridge compared to that of the deeper northwestern water mass at Site 1262.

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“…As shown in previous Paleogene successions [Lourens et al, 2005;P€ alike et al, 2006;Zachos et al, 2010;Westerhold et al, 2011] we assume that lighter carbon isotope values and therefore Fe peaks (representing more clay-rich layers) correlate with both eccentricity and precession maxima. It has to be noted here that it is still not known whether the lighter carbon isotope values and Fe peaks in the Eocene correspond to precession minima or maxima.…”

Section: Orbital Tuningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital pacing of Eocene climate during the Middle Eocene climate optimum and the chron C19r event - missing link found in the tropical western Atlantic

Westerhold

Röhl

2013

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] A high-resolution stratigraphy is essential toward deciphering climate variability in detail and understanding causality arguments of events in earth history. Because the middle to late Eocene provides a perfect testing ground for carbon cycle models to reconstruct the transition from a hothouse to an icehouse world, an accurate time scale is needed to decode climate-driving mechanisms. Here we present new results from ODP Site 1260 (Leg 207) which covers a unique expanded middle Eocene section (magnetochrons C18r to C20r, late Lutetian to early Bartonian) of the tropical western Atlantic including the chron C19r transient hyperthermal event and the Middle Eocene Climate Optimum (MECO). To establish a detailed cyclostratigraphy we acquired iron intensity records by XRF scanning Site 1260 cores. We revise the shipboard composite section, establish a cyclostratigraphy and use the exceptional eccentricity modulated precession cycles for orbital tuning. The new astrochronology revises the age of magnetic polarity chrons C19n to C20n, validates the position of very long eccentricity minima at 40.2 and 43.0 Ma in the orbital solutions and extends the Astronomically Tuned Geological Timescale back to 44 Ma. For the first time the new data provide clear evidence for an orbital pacing of the chron C19r event and a likely involvement of the very long (2.4 myr) eccentricity cycle contributing to the evolution of the MECO.

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Tempo and scale of late Paleocene and early Eocene carbon isotope cycles: Implications for the origin of hyperthermals

Cited by 283 publications

References 49 publications

The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

Frequency, magnitude and character of hyperthermal events at the onset of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum

Orbital pacing of Eocene climate during the Middle Eocene climate optimum and the chron C19r event - missing link found in the tropical western Atlantic

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