The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic
carbon isotope records

Kocken, Ilja J.; Cramwinckel, Margot J.; Zeebe, Richard E.; Middelburg, Jack J.; Sluijs, Appy

doi:10.5194/cp-2018-42

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The oceans thus become enriched in 18 O and 12 C during cold phases after 6 Ma, which is in accord with the observed antiphased behaviour of δ 13 C and δ 18 O. The Arctic warming during the Pliocene 24,38 seems insufficient to reverse this dynamic, with Pliocene sea surface temperatures (SST) in the NH high latitudes (>50°N) failing to return to the comparably warm Tortonian conditions (8)(9)(10)(11)(12) Fig. 2a of Herbert et al 24 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…However, at the rhythm of the 405-kyr eccentricity cycles, both proxies exhibit fundamentally different responses. The strong imprint of 405-kyr eccentricity cycles in δ 13 C benthic is likely related to the amplification of a non-linear carbon-cycle response to eccentricity cycles, facilitated by the~65 kyr residence time of carbon in the oceans as a whole (and assuming zero net carbon exchange between the atmosphere and surface ocean) [8][9][10][11][12] . Yet, it remains an open question as to why the 405-kyr eccentricity imprint fades from δ 18 O benthic after 14 Ma, but not the 100-kyr eccentricity imprint.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High-latitude biomes and rock weathering mediate climate–carbon cycle feedbacks on eccentricity timescales

et al. 2020

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The International Ocean Discovery Programme (IODP) and its predecessors generated a treasure trove of Cenozoic climate and carbon cycle dynamics. Yet, it remains unclear how climate and carbon cycle interacted under changing geologic boundary conditions. Here, we present the carbon isotope (δ13C) megasplice, documenting deep-ocean δ13C evolution since 35 million years ago (Ma). We juxtapose the δ13C megasplice with its δ18O counterpart and determine their phase-difference on ~100-kyr eccentricity timescales. This analysis reveals that 2.4-Myr eccentricity cycles modulate the δ13C-δ18O phase relationship throughout the Oligo-Miocene (34-6 Ma), potentially through changes in continental weathering. At 6 Ma, a striking switch from in-phase to anti-phase behaviour occurs, signalling a reorganization of the climate-carbon cycle system. We hypothesize that this transition is consistent with Arctic cooling: Prior to 6 Ma, low-latitude continental carbon reservoirs expanded during astronomically-forced cool spells. After 6 Ma, however, continental carbon reservoirs contract rather than expand during cold periods due to competing effects between Arctic biomes (ice, tundra, taiga). We conclude that, on geologic timescales, System Earth experienced state-dependent modes of climate–carbon cycle interaction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

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confidence: 99%

High-latitude biomes and rock weathering mediate climate–carbon cycle feedbacks on eccentricity timescales

et al. 2020

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“…The most prominent and stable astronomical cycle is the 405-kyr eccentricity cycle, which is driven by the planetary perturbations caused by Venus and Jupiter (70). Cenozoic deep-sea foraminifer stable carbon isotope records are predominantly imprinted by this cycle (71) suggesting a tight link between orbital forcing and the climate system, likely due to intricate feedback mechanisms in the carbon cycle (30,72). Most of the orbital cycles experience marked changes in their periodicity and phasing due to the dissipative effect of the Earth-Moon system, friction, dynamic changes in the distribution of masses in the Earth and on Earths' surface, as well as chaotic diffusion of the Solar System (14,66,70,73).…”

Section: Astrochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An astronomically dated record of Earth’s climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years

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et al. 2020

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Much of our understanding of Earth’s past climate comes from the measurement of oxygen and carbon isotope variations in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Yet, long intervals in existing records lack the temporal resolution and age control needed to thoroughly categorize climate states of the Cenozoic era and to study their dynamics. Here, we present a new, highly resolved, astronomically dated, continuous composite of benthic foraminifer isotope records developed in our laboratories. Four climate states—Hothouse, Warmhouse, Coolhouse, Icehouse—are identified on the basis of their distinctive response to astronomical forcing depending on greenhouse gas concentrations and polar ice sheet volume. Statistical analysis of the nonlinear behavior encoded in our record reveals the key role that polar ice volume plays in the predictability of Cenozoic climate dynamics.

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“…The LOSCAR model source code is available upon request to loscar.model@gmail.com. The implementation of astronomical forcing and noise addition to the model are available as a patch file on the corresponding author's GitHub (Kocken, 2019). The data that were used to create the data composite are available from the respective references (Pälike et al, 2006b;Tian et al, 2013;Holbourn et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Cenozoic stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios of deep-sea foraminiferal calcite co-vary with the 405 kyr eccentricity cycle, suggesting a link between orbital forcing, the climate system, and the carbon cycle. Variations in δ18O are partly forced by ice-volume changes that have mostly occurred since the Oligocene. The cyclic δ13C–δ18O co-variation is found in both ice-free and glaciated climate states, however. Consequently, there should be a mechanism that forces the δ13C cycles independently of ice dynamics. In search of this mechanism, we simulate the response of several key components of the carbon cycle to orbital forcing in the Long-term Ocean-atmosphere-Sediment CArbon cycle Reservoir model (LOSCAR). We force the model by changing the burial of organic carbon in the ocean with various astronomical solutions and noise and study the response of the main carbon cycle tracers. Consistent with previous work, the simulations reveal that low-frequency oscillations in the forcing are preferentially amplified relative to higher frequencies. However, while oceanic δ13C mainly varies with a 405 kyr period in the model, the dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the oceans and of atmospheric CO2 are dominated by the 2.4 Myr cycle of eccentricity. This implies that the total ocean and atmosphere carbon inventory is strongly influenced by carbon cycle variability that exceeds the timescale of the 405 kyr period (such as silicate weathering). To test the applicability of the model results, we assemble a long (∼22 Myr) δ13C and δ18O composite record spanning the Eocene to Miocene (34–12 Ma) and perform spectral analysis to assess the presence of the 2.4 Myr cycle. We find that, while the 2.4 Myr cycle appears to be overshadowed by long-term changes in the composite record, it is present as an amplitude modulator of the 405 and 100 kyr eccentricity cycles.

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The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

High-latitude biomes and rock weathering mediate climate–carbon cycle feedbacks on eccentricity timescales

High-latitude biomes and rock weathering mediate climate–carbon cycle feedbacks on eccentricity timescales

An astronomically dated record of Earth’s climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years

The 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records

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