Templates of client change in short-term counseling.

Cummings, Anne L.; Hallberg, Ernest T.; Slemon, Alan G.

doi:10.1037/0022-0167.41.4.464

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although the criteria used in defining helpfulness was entirely different in the two independent studies, the results that refer to these factors remain consistent-a fact that strengthens the nature of the findings. These results are consistent with those based on research of face-to-face counseling and therapy [29][30][31][32][33][34][44][45][46][47] despite the meaningful differences in providing help in these two modalities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Factors Related to Perceived Helpfulness in Supporting Highly Distressed Individuals through an Online Support Chat

Barak

Bloch

2006

CyberPsychology & Behavior

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The purpose of the study was to examine the contribution made by dimensions of session-impact factors (depth and smoothness), end-of-session factors of client's mood (positivity and emotional arousal), and several textual variables (use of positive and negative emotional words; helper's and client's writing lengths) to perceived helpfulness of emotional support conversations carried on by trained, paraprofessional helpers through an Internet chat with highly distressed individuals. Two studies were conducted at an Israeli, exclusively online emotional support service for suicidal and highly distressed people who have undergone various negative experiences (SAHAR). Study 1 compared 40 chat conversations deliberately indicated by clients as having been helpful at the termination stage of session with 40 other conversations, using expert judgments of session-impact factors, as well as objective word counts for textual variables. Study 2 examined correlations between helpers' evaluation of the sessions' helpfulness to clients in 60 (other) chat support conversations and session-impact factors and textual variables. The findings of Study 1 showed that all four impact factors significantly differentiated between helpful and other conversations, while textual variables did not. In Study 2, the results showed that all four session-impact factors positively correlated with session helpfulness, yielding multiple R = 0.54, as well as the length of helper's and client's writing. The implications of these studies are similar to offline counseling sessions: deep, smooth conversations that yield positive responses and arouse clients' emotions in online support are more helpful than shallow, bumping conversations that leave clients emotionally indifferent. Longer writing, by both helpers and clients, seems to be an important factor, as well.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Factors Related to Perceived Helpfulness in Supporting Highly Distressed Individuals through an Online Support Chat

Barak

Bloch

2006

CyberPsychology & Behavior

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“…Some appreciated that they had to work on their own and felt that they had a "back up" support system, while others missed real-life conversation or felt pressured by the treatment program. This is partly in line with previous research which showed that an intense relationship with the therapist resulted in interrupted change patterns in time-limited counselling [30]. Our results indicate that both too much contact with the therapists (in particular if it is perceived as inadequate) and a lack of contact can both be hindering factors for treatment success.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The three change processes are partly in line with the three patterns of change described in study of clients' experience of a face-to-face short-term counselling [30]. The current study also indicates that therapeutic work in an Internet-based treatment is as a dynamic process, and that the treatment is perceived differently depending on expectations and outcome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Experiences of guided Internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression: A qualitative study

et al. 2011

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BackgroundInternet-based self-help treatment with minimal therapist contact has been shown to have an effect in treating various conditions. The objective of this study was to explore participants' views of Internet administrated guided self-help treatment for depression.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 12 strategically selected participants and qualitative methods with components of both thematic analysis and grounded theory were used in the analyses.ResultsThree distinct change processes relating to how participants worked with the treatment material emerged which were categorized as (a) Readers, (b) Strivers, and (c) Doers. These processes dealt with attitudes towards treatment, views on motivational aspects of the treatment, and perceptions of consequences of the treatment.ConclusionsWe conclude that the findings correspond with existing theoretical models of face-to-face psychotherapy within qualitative process research. Persons who take responsibility for the treatment and also attribute success to themselves appear to benefit more. Motivation is a crucial aspect of guided self-help in the treatment of depression.

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“…For example, Castonguay et al () found that only 2% of HAT forms included accounts of hindering events. Although Cummings, Hallberg, and Slemon () suggested that the IEQ (Cummings et al, , ) may be more effective in distinguishing between helpful and hindering experiences in therapy, the use of post‐session questionnaires as a method for data collection of client accounts provides limited insight into the client's subjective experiences of hindering events in therapy.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hindering events in psychotherapy: A retrospective account from the client's perspective

Burton

Thériault

2019

Couns and Psychother Res

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Background Hindering events in the therapeutic process have been associated with client dissatisfaction, disagreements in therapy, and premature withdrawal from the therapeutic process. However, hindering events in therapy have not been extensively researched from the client's perspective and lack subjective details on how these events are experienced in therapy. Aims This study explored how hindering events are experienced by clients and their influence on the therapeutic process and outcome from the client's perspective. Method Nine individuals who previously attended therapy and experienced hindering events were interviewed using an in‐depth semi‐structured interview protocol created by the authors. Data were analysed using structured thematic analysis. Results Four major themes emerged, each containing themes and sub‐themes to further expand on client experiences: (a) identified hindering events (felt mistreated by therapist, distracted/inattentive therapist, perceived clinical mistakes, tensions from the management of the therapeutic frame); (b) subjective experience of the event (negative emotional experience, making sense of the event, parallel personal dynamics); (c) response to the event (client response/decision to continue or end therapy, reaction to discontinuing therapy); and (d) handling/addressing the event (not handled/addressed, handled/addressed, interest in handling/addressing event, reasons given for not addressing/handling event). Results from this study contribute to the further understanding of client experiences of hindering events that occur in therapy as well as how these events influence therapeutic processes and outcomes. Conclusion The study adds nuance to the scholarly work that informs client experiences of negative events in therapy. Implications for therapeutic organisations, therapists/counsellors, and educators are discussed.

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Templates of client change in short-term counseling.

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Factors Related to Perceived Helpfulness in Supporting Highly Distressed Individuals through an Online Support Chat

Factors Related to Perceived Helpfulness in Supporting Highly Distressed Individuals through an Online Support Chat

Experiences of guided Internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression: A qualitative study

Hindering events in psychotherapy: A retrospective account from the client's perspective

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