Temperatures and the growth and development of wheat: a review

Porter, John R.; Gawith, Megan

doi:10.1016/s1161-0301(98)00047-1

Cited by 963 publications

(686 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Monthly maximum, minimum and mean temperature thresholds above which temperature has negative correlation with wheat yield are identified as 20, 10 and 14°C, respectively. Experimental studies on several wheat cultivators indicate an optimum mean temperature range of 17-23°C (Porter and Gawith 1999). Similarly, the optimum maximum and minimum temperatures for wheat are around 24 and 19°C, respectively (Asana and Williams 1965;Prasad et al 2008).…”

Section: Wheatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Climate trends and impacts on crop production in the Koshi River basin of Nepal

et al. 2013

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Understanding crop responses to climate is essential to cope with anticipated changes in temperature and precipitation. We investigated the climate-crop yield relationship and the impact of historical climate on yields of rice, maize and wheat in the Koshi basin of Nepal. The results show significant impact of growing season temperature and precipitation on crop production in the region. Rice, maize and wheat cultivated at altitudes below 1,100, 1,350 and 1,700 m amsl (above mean sea level), respectively, suffer from stress due to higher temperatures particularly during flowering and yield formation stages. Responses of crop yields to a unitary increment in growing season mean temperature vary from -6 to 16 %, -4 to 11 % and -12 to 3 % for rice, maize and wheat, respectively, depending on the location and elevation in the basin. In most parts of the basin, we observe warming trends in growing season mean temperatures of rice, maize and wheat over the last few decades with clear evidence of negative impacts on yields. However, at some high-elevation areas, positive impacts of warming are also observed on rice and maize yields. If the observed trends in temperature continue in future, the impact is likely to be mostly negative on crop production in the basin. However, crop production may gain from the warming at relatively higher altitudes provided other conditions, e.g., water availability, soil fertility, are favorable.

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Section: Wheatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Climate trends and impacts on crop production in the Koshi River basin of Nepal

et al. 2013

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“…Defining correct values of cardinal temperatures for plant processes in different species and cultivars is often a constraint in crop modeling. For example, in an extensive literature review, PORTER & GAWITH (1999) attempted to summarize values of cardinal temperatures for wheat, but the results were frustrating as for several growth and development processes only values greater than or lower than a certain value are presented, or the range presented for each cardinal temperature is of several degrees. More studies aiming to determine the cardinal temperatures in different species, including kiwifruit, would be very useful for modelers.…”

Section: Streckmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generalized nonlinear tempeature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson)

Streck

2003

Cienc. Rural

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Temperature is a major factor that affects metabolic processes in living organisms. Thermal time has been widely used to account for the effects of temperature on crop growth and development. However, the thermal time approach has been criticized because it assumes a linear relationship between the rate of crop growth or development and temperature. The response of the rate of crop growth and development to temperature is nonlinear. The objective of this study was to develop a generalized nonlinear temperature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson). The nonlinear function has three coefficients (the cardinal temperatures), which were 0ºC, 25ºC, and 40ºC. Data of temperature response of relative growth rate, relative leaf area growth, net photosynthesis rate, and leaf appearance rate in kiwifruit (female cv. Hayward) at two light levels, which are from published research, were used as independent data for evaluating the performance of the nonlinear and the thermal time functions. The results showed that the generalized nonlinear response function is better than the thermal time approach, and the temperature response of several growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit can be described with the same response function.

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“…1). When T mean was >28 • C and when there were extremely high temperatures early in the growing season with many days of maximum temperature (T max ) > 34 • C, a critical maximum temperature for wheat 13 , crops did not reach anthesis or grain set, so it was not possible to record anthesis or maturity dates and the yields were zero (Fig. 1a-c and Supplementary Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production

et al. 2014

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Crop models are essential tools for assessing the threat of climate change to local and global food production 1 . Present models used to predict wheat grain yield are highly uncertain when simulating how crops respond to temperature 2 . Here we systematically tested 30 di erent wheat crop models of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project against field experiments in which growing season mean temperatures ranged from 15 • C to 32 • C, including experiments with artificial heating. Many models simulated yields well, but were less accurate at higher temperatures. The model ensemble median was consistently more accurate in simulating the crop temperature response than any single model, regardless of the input information used. Extrapolating the model ensemble temperature response indicates that warming is already slowing yield gains at a majority of wheat-growing locations. Global wheat production is estimated to fall by 6% for each • C of further temperature increase and become more variable over space and time.Understanding how different climate factors interact and impact food production 3 is essential when reaching decisions on how to adapt to the effects of climate change. To implement such strategies the contribution of various climate variables on crop yields need to be separated and quantified. For instance, a change in temperature will require a different adaptation strategy than a change in rainfall 4 . Temperature changes alone are reported to have potentially large negative impacts on crop production 5 , and hotspots-locations where plants suffer from high temperature stress-have been identified across the globe 6,7 . Crop simulation models are useful tools in climate impact studies as they deal with multiple climate factors and how they interact with various crop growth and yield formation processes that are sensitive to climate. These models have been applied in many studies, including the assessment of temperature impacts on crop production 1,8 . However, none of the crop models have been tested systematically against experiments at different temperatures in field conditions. Although many glasshouse and controlled-environment temperature experiments have been described, they are often not suitable for model testing as the heating of root systems in pots 9 and effects on micro-climate differ greatly from field conditions 10 . Detailed information on field experiments with a wide range of sowing dates and infrared heating recently became available for wheat 11,12 . Such experiments are well suited for testing the ability of crop models to quantify temperature responses under field conditions. Testing the temperature responses of crop models is particularly important for assessing the impact of climate change on wheat production, because the largest uncertainty in simulated impacts on yield arises from increasing temperatures 2 .In a 'Hot Serial Cereal' (HSC) well-irrigated and fertilized experiment with a single cultivar, the observed days after sowing (DAS) to maturity declined...

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Temperatures and the growth and development of wheat: a review

Cited by 963 publications

References 49 publications

Climate trends and impacts on crop production in the Koshi River basin of Nepal

Climate trends and impacts on crop production in the Koshi River basin of Nepal

A generalized nonlinear tempeature response function for some growth and developmental parameters in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson)

Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production

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