Temperature variation during the estrous cycle: Active vs restricted rats

McLean, Jack H.; Coleman, William P.

doi:10.3758/bf03332557

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In our experimental conditions, because of the online recordings by the wire, the rats were lightly restrained in their cages and their body movement was restricted. Core temperature of female rats during the ''estrous'' stage is reported to be lower in a lightly restrained condition compared with that of those in a free-moving condition (20). Therefore, the RTs in Sham rats on the days of the ''estrous'' stage are likely to show lower values in this experiment, and this may contribute to lower the RT in Sham rats, which was calculated as the mean of the values at different stages of estrous cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Elevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes

Kobayashi

Tamura

Hayashi

et al. 2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Menopausal hot flushes (HFs), which manifest as an increase in skin temperature, most frequently occur after menopause and cease with the passage of time. We designed this study to elucidate the characteristics of the elevation of tail skin temperature (TST) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which is relevant to human symptoms of HFs. First, we measured TST and rectal temperature (RT) and investigated the time course of their changes up to 20 wk after ovariectomy. The TST in OVX rats (28.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C) was significantly (P = 0.0035) elevated from 2 to 7 wk after the ovariectomy compared with that in sham-operated (Sham) rats (27.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C), whereas the RT in OVX rats was elevated from 8 to 20 wk. We next examined the therapeutic effects of estradiol (E(2)) on the elevation of the TST by continuous subcutaneous infusion. E(2) treatment (1.0 microg/day) completely (P = 0.0232) inhibited the elevation of the TST (28.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C for Sham rats, 29.3 +/- 0.3 degrees C for OVX rats, 28.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C for OVX + E(2) 1.0 microg/day rats). These results demonstrated that the elevation of TST in OVX rats was exhibited soon after the estrogen removal and diminished with time and that it was normalized with continuous E(2) replacement. These characteristics are similar to the symptoms of menopausal HFs in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Elevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes

Kobayashi

Tamura

Hayashi

et al. 2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…By contrast, in an unpublished study in our laboratory, the correlation coefficient between open-field locomotion and Dashiell-maze locomotion for nine adult male rats was .67. Perhaps running wheel activity is primarily thermoregulatory (McLean & Coleman, 1971;Stevenson & Rixon, 1957), whereas open-field activity is primarily exploratory in nature. It might be noted, in this regard, that exogenous estrogen injections lower body temperatures in mature, ovariectomized female rats (Nieburgs & Greenblatt, 1948) and, during that stage of the estrous cycle when estrogen levels are highest in nonovariectomized females, there is approximately a 1°C drop in body temperature and this drop is more pronounced in females whose activity is restricted (McLean & Coleman, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open-field sex differences prior to puberty in rats

Valle

Gorzalka

1980

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Female rats locomoted more, were less thigmotactic, and defecated less than males during open-field tests. These sex differences were observed several days before the occurrence of puberty in the females. Thus, sex differences in open-field locomotion follow a different developmental pattern than do sex differences in activity wheel locomotion, which appear only after puberty. This suggests that open-field locomotion and activity wheel locomotion are not expressions of the same underlying neural organization but are, rather, expressions of different neural programs.

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“…Additionally, central and peripheral chemosensitivity are increased in luteal phase (16,35,48), and administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic variant of P, stimulates the ventilatory system (40, 52), suggesting that the increased ventilatory response during the luteal phase is related to the elevated plasmatic concentrations of P. Wenninger et al (47) reported that female rats present a significantly higher V E/V O 2 compared with male rats. Variations in the body temperature (Tb) and V O 2 also occur during the menstrual and estrous cycle (11,28,33), but this is still a poorly explored issue. The hormonal variations in different stages of the estrous cycle may present additional challenges to data collection and interpretation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilatory, metabolic, and thermal responses to hypercapnia in female rats: effects of estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and hormonal replacement

Marques

Carvalho

Silva

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The aim of this study was to examine how estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and hormonal replacement affect the respiratory [ventilation (V̇e), tidal volume, and respiratory frequency], metabolic (V̇o2), and thermoregulatory (body temperature) responses to hypercapnia (7% CO2) in female Wistar rats. The parameters were measured in rats during different phases of the estrous cycle, and also in ovariectomized (OVX) rats supplemented with 17β-estradiol (OVX+E2), with a combination of E2 and progesterone (OVX+E2P), or with corn oil (OVX+O, vehicle). All experiments were conducted on day 8 after ovariectomy. The intact animals did not present alterations during normocapnia or under hypercapnia in V̇e, tidal volume, respiratory frequency, V̇o2, and V̇e/V̇o2 in the different phases of the estrous cycle. However, body temperature was higher in female rats on estrus. Hormonal replacement did not change the ventilatory, thermoregulatory, or metabolic parameters during hypercapnia, compared with the OVX animals. Nevertheless, OVX+E2, OVX+E2P, and OVX+O presented lower hypercapnic ventilatory responses compared with intact females on the day of estrus. Also, rats in estrus showed higher V̇e and V̇e/V̇o2 during hypercapnia than OVX animals. The data suggest that other gonadal factors, besides E2 and P, are possibly involved in these responses.

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Temperature variation during the estrous cycle: Active vs restricted rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Elevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes

Elevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes

Open-field sex differences prior to puberty in rats

Ventilatory, metabolic, and thermal responses to hypercapnia in female rats: effects of estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and hormonal replacement

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