Elevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized  rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes

Kobayashi, Tsunefumi; Tamura, Miki; Hayashi, Minoru; Katsuura, Yasuhiro; Tanabe, Hirofumi; Ohta, Tomohiro; Komoriya, Keiji

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.4.r863

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this experimental system, we also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of E 2 posttreatment on the elevation of the TST and indicated the decrease in the E 2 level to be involved in the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy [11,12]. However, because we haven't evaluated the effects of P in this model, we examined the effects of P on the elevation of the TST, starting the treatment just after the ovariectomy.…”

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confidence: 89%

“…However, only a single administration of progesterone (P) or its analogue has been reported to be effective for the treatment of HFs with almost the same efficacy as those of estrogens [5][6][7][8][9]. This clinical evidence suggests that progesterone as well as estrogens may be important for controlling the generation of HFs.By using rat tail, which is useful for studying skin temperature regulation [10], we previously demonstrated that the tail skin temperature (TST) in female rats was elevated after ovariectomy and suggested that this thermoregulatory change, which indicated the augmentation of vasodilatory heat dissipation, was relevant to human symptoms of menopausal HFs [11,12]. In this experimental system, we also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of E 2 posttreatment on the elevation of the TST and indicated the decrease in the E 2 level to be involved in the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy [11,12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using rat tail, which is useful for studying skin temperature regulation [10], we previously demonstrated that the tail skin temperature (TST) in female rats was elevated after ovariectomy and suggested that this thermoregulatory change, which indicated the augmentation of vasodilatory heat dissipation, was relevant to human symptoms of menopausal HFs [11,12]. In this experimental system, we also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of E 2 posttreatment on the elevation of the TST and indicated the decrease in the E 2 level to be involved in the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy [11,12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ings were performed by the method previously reported [12]. The animals were set in their cages (KN-326 type III, Natsume, Tokyo, Japan) individually throughout the experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Progesterone on the Elevation of Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats.

Kobayashi

Tamura²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2000

JJP

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Menopausal hot flushes (HFs) are the major climacteric symptoms and occur in most climacteric women [1,2]. This symptom manifests as a transient increase in skin temperature in the face and peripheral parts of the extremities. The cause of the occurrence of HFs is the cessation of the ovarian production of sex hormones (i.e., estrogens and progestins) after menopause; and estrogens, especially estradiol (E 2 ), are considered to be the main factors responsible for generating HFs [3,4]. Thus estrogens are the primary agent for hormone replacement therapy for climacteric women, whereas progestins are commonly used with estrogens for inhibiting the side effects of estrogens on the uterus. However, only a single administration of progesterone (P) or its analogue has been reported to be effective for the treatment of HFs with almost the same efficacy as those of estrogens [5][6][7][8][9]. This clinical evidence suggests that progesterone as well as estrogens may be important for controlling the generation of HFs.By using rat tail, which is useful for studying skin temperature regulation [10], we previously demonstrated that the tail skin temperature (TST) in female rats was elevated after ovariectomy and suggested that this thermoregulatory change, which indicated the augmentation of vasodilatory heat dissipation, was relevant to human symptoms of menopausal HFs [11,12]. In this experimental system, we also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of E 2 posttreatment on the elevation of the TST and indicated the decrease in the E 2 level to be involved in the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy [11,12]. However, because we haven't evaluated the effects of P in this model, we examined the effects of P on the elevation of the TST, starting the treatment just after the ovariectomy. Furthermore, we also examined the effects of E 2 by the same protocol as that used for P and compared the results to evaluate the degree of involvement of both ovarian hormones in the development of the TST elevation induced by ovariectomy. Materials and MethodsAnimals. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) female Sprague-Dawley rats purchased from Charles River Japan (Yokohama, Japan) were used in these experiments. The rats were housed under a 12 : 12-h light/dark cycle with lights on at 0600 h in a thermoregulated room maintained at 24.0Ϯ2.0°C. Humidity was maintained in the range of 55Ϯ10%, and food (CE-2, Clea, Tokyo, Japan) and water were provided ad libitum. A bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation was performed on the rats at the age of 11 to 12 weeks. The experimental protocols were in accordance with the regulation of the Animal Care and Use Committee of our Institute.Temperature recording. Temperature record- Key words: progesterone, tail skin temperature, ovariectomy. Abstract:We examined the effects of progesterone on the elevation of tail skin temperature (TST) in ovariectomized rats and compared them with those of estradiol. Progesterone showed only insignificant effects on the TST elevation, whereas estradiol showed complete inhibition. T...

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confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ings were performed by the method previously reported [12]. The animals were set in their cages (KN-326 type III, Natsume, Tokyo, Japan) individually throughout the experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Progesterone on the Elevation of Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats.

Kobayashi

Tamura²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2000

JJP

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“…In humans, a decrease in female hormone, namely menopause, leads to the development of various autonomic imbalance symptoms. Kobayashi et al report that tail skin temperature increases more significantly in OVX rats than in Sham rats (28). The changes in the skin temperature are thought to occur as a result of deficiency in estrogen that affects the autonomic nervous system.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Intravenous Amino Acids on Anesthesia-Induced Hypothermia in Ovariectomized Rats

Ando

Kanazawa

Tsuda

et al. 2012

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary A decrease in core temperature during general anesthesia is attenuated by infusion of an intravenous amino acid mixture. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of physical and endocrine changes caused by ovariectomy on the inhibitory effect of amino acid infusion on anesthesia-induced hypothermia. Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into a sham-operated (Sham) group and an ovariectomized (OVX) group. Saline solution or an amino acid mixture solution was infused for 180 min during sevoflurane anesthesia, and the rectal temperature was measured (4 groups). Intraperitoneal white adipose tissue mass, bilateral gastrocnemius weight and plasma insulin levels were measured. In the Sham rats, no inhibitory effect of the amino acid mixture on anesthesia-induced hypothermia was found, while in the OVX rats, hypothermia was significantly decreased. The intraperitoneal fat weight/body weight ratio was significantly higher in the OVX rats than in the Sham rats, but the gastrocnemius weight/body weight ratio was not significantly different. After amino acid infusion, the plasma insulin level was significantly higher in the OVX rats than in the Sham rats. In conclusion, our findings suggest that, in rats, ovarian function or female hormone affects protein turnover mediated by increase in insulin secretion and, thus, decreases the inhibitory effect of an infusion of amino acid mixture on anesthesia-induced hypothermia. Key Words hypothermia, amino acids, general anesthesia, ovariectomy Redistribution hypothermia occurs in the body after induction of general anesthesia. Core body temperature gradually declines as heat is lost from the body surface, and heat production slows because of decreased metabolism. Selldén et al. reported that an amino acid infusion during anesthesia caused nutrient-induced thermogenesis (NIT), preventing the temperature reduction of redistribution hypothermia ( 1 ). Fujiwara et al. noted a similar effect after amino acid infusion but not after an infusion of glucose and fat emulsion ( 2 ). It is known that the metabolism of amino acids requires a large expenditure of energy ( 3 ), and protein synthesis induced by amino acids has been shown to correlate positively with energy expenditure ( 4 ). When rats were given the protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin, NIT did not occur after amino acid infusion ( 5 ). It has also been suggested that 75% of the increased oxygen uptake by amino acid infusion is produced in tissues other than the internal organs ( 6 ). Amino acid infusion during general anesthesia was found to stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle via enhanced insulin secretion and to prevent hypothermia by heat accumulation through NIT ( 7 ). We have reported that skeletal muscle and plasma insulin levels play a major role in changes in body temperature during general anesthesia and the effect of amino acids on body temperature in a rat model of muscle atrophy ( 8 ).On the other hand, sex hormone is known to be involved in thermoregulation. In addition,...

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Male reproductive toxicity of four bisphenol antioxidants in mice and rats and their estrogenic effect

Takahashi

Oishi

2005

Arch Toxicol

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Male mice and rats were fed a diet containing four bisphenol antioxidants, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (ME), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl -6-tert-butylphenol) (MM), 4,4'-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (BM), or 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) (TM) at levels of 0.06-0.25% for 2 months. BM and TM decreased epididymal, seminal vesicular, prostate and preputial weights, and injured seminiferous tubules in mice in a dose-dependent fashion. BM and TM also reduced sex accessory organ weights and sperm production capacity in rats, but MM and ME were more toxic to rats than BM and TM. ME and MM did not bind ERalpha up to 10(-3) M, while BM and TM competitively bound ERalpha against beta-estradiol (E2). Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50 s) of BM, TM, and bisphenol A (positive control) against E2-binding were 7.3 x 10(-6) M, 1.8 x 10(-5) M, and 1.4 x 10(-5) M, respectively. When ovariectomized (OVX) mice were sc administered TM at doses of 60 and 300 mg/kg/day for 4 days, or when OVX mice were fed BM in the diet at a level of 0.25% for 2 months, uterine weight was significantly increased. These results suggest that BM and TM are weakly toxic, possibly through an estrogenic mechanism to male reproductive organs in mice as well as rats, while MM and ME may be the direct testicular toxins in rats but not mice.

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Elevation of tail skin temperature in ovariectomized rats in relation to menopausal hot flushes

Cited by 52 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Progesterone on the Elevation of Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats.

Effects of Progesterone on the Elevation of Tail Skin Temperature in Ovariectomized Rats.

Effects of Intravenous Amino Acids on Anesthesia-Induced Hypothermia in Ovariectomized Rats

Male reproductive toxicity of four bisphenol antioxidants in mice and rats and their estrogenic effect

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