Temperature variation, bacterial diversity and fungal infection dynamics in the amphibian skin

Longo, Ana V.; Zamudio, Kelly R.

doi:10.1111/mec.14220

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The protocol used to culture, maintain, and harvest Bd is widely implemented (Longo & Zamudio, ). Two actively growing strains of Bd , JEL423 isolated from a treefrog in Panama and CLFT023, isolated from a frog in Brazil, were grown for 1 week on 1% tryptone agar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The culture was then centrifuged for 10 min at 5,974 x g , the supernatant filtered over a 0.20 μm membrane (Millex, Millipore), and lyophilized. Growth inhibition of Bd was tested in vitro following published methods (Longo & Zamudio, ). 96‐well plates containing Bd zoospores (50 μl) and bacterial metabolites (50 μl) reconstituted with 1 ml of sterile HPLC‐grade water were incubated at 23°C, and OD 492 was measured on day 0 and day 7.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental influences on and antimicrobial activity of the skin microbiota of Proceratophrys boiei (Amphibia, Anura) across forest fragments

Assis

Bevier

Barreto

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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The composition of the skin microbiota of amphibians is related to the biology of host species and environmental microbial communities. In this system, the environment serves as a microbial source and can modulate the hosted community. When habitats are fragmented and the environment disturbed, changes in the structure of this microbial community are expected. One important potential consequence of fragmentation is a compromised protective function of the microbiota against pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, the skin microbiota of the amphibian Proceratophrys boiei was characterized, evaluated for relationships with environmental variables and environmental sources of microbial communities, and its diversity evaluated for frog populations from fragmented and continuous forests. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of this skin community was studied in frogs from both forest types. Culture methods and 16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing were used to characterize the microbial community and demonstrated that the skin microbiota of P. boiei is more closely related to the soil microbial communities than those inhabiting water bodies or fragment matrix, the unforested area around the forested fragment. The microbial diversity and abundance of P. boiei skin microbiota are different between continuous forests and fragments. This community is correlated with environmental variables, especially with temperature of microhabitat and distance to human dwelling. All individuals of P. boiei harbored bacteria capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and different strains of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and a total of 27 bacterial genera were detected. The results of this study indicate that the persistence of populations of this species will need balanced and sustained interactions among host, microorganisms, and environment. K E Y W O R D Samphibian, antimicrobials, environmental microbes, fragmented forests, metabolites, skin microbiota 902 | de ASSIS et Al.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on and antimicrobial activity of the skin microbiota of Proceratophrys boiei (Amphibia, Anura) across forest fragments

Assis

Bevier

Barreto

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…To this effort, we used individual shrimp gut and rearing water bacterial communities as 'sites', constructed four community tables (one for each location and habitat, i.e., shrimp gut and rearing water) for the temporal comparison. We randomly sampled 20 'sites' (shrimp gut microbiotas or bacterioplankton communities, respectively) 100 times as part of function beta.sample (Baselga and Orme, 2012;Longo and Zamudio, 2017). To evaluate the habitats effects, differences in the three components were compared by performing t tests in term of their simulated values between shrimp gut and the corresponding rearing water for each location.…”

Section: Estimation Of Ecological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, we compared the three multiple-site dissimilarities (βsor = βsim + βnes) by partitioning the nestedness and temporal species turnover components of beta-diversity (Baselga and Orme, 2012;Longo and Zamudio, 2017) between shrimp gut and rearing water bacterial communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal successions of shrimp gut microbial colonization: high consistency despite distinct species pool

Xiong

Xuan

et al. 2019

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Aquatic animals encounter suites of novel planktonic microbes during their development. Although hosts have been shown to exert strong selection on their gut microbiota from surrounding environment, to what extent and the generality that the gut microbiota and the underlying ecological processes are affected by biotic and abiotic variations are largely unclear. Here, these concerns were explored by coupling spatiotemporal data on gut and rearing water bacterial communities with environmental variables over shrimp life stages at spatially distant locations. Shrimp gut microbiotas significantly changed mirroring their development, as evidenced by gut bacterial signatures of shrimp life stage contributing 95.5% stratification accuracy. Shrimp sourced little (2.6%–15.8%) of their gut microbiota from their rearing water. This microbial resistance was reflected by weak compositional differences between shrimp farming spatially distinct locations where species pools were distinct. Consistently, the assembly of shrimp gut microbiota was not adequately explained by the rearing water variables and bacterial community, but rather by host‐age‐associated biotic features. The successions of shrimp gut microbiota were droved by replacement (βsim), rather than by nestedness (βnes), while those of bacterioplankton communities were equally governed by replacement and nestedness. Our study highlights how shrimp gut bacterial community assembly is coupled to their development, rearing species pool, and that the successional pattern of host‐associated communities is differed from that of free‐living bacteria.

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“…Amphibian skin is a uniquely selective environment that harbors dominant bacterial groups (Walke et al, ). Due to direct contact with the environment, amphibian skin microbes are influenced by various environmental factors (e.g., temperature and moisture) (Longo & Zamudio, ; Varela, Lesbarrères, Ibáñez, & Green, ). The frog gut microbiome can vary across different habitats, which may help the host utilize food resources more effectively and adapt to environmental changes (Chang et al, ; Huang, Chang, Huang, Gao, & Liao, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the community structure of the symbiotic microbes of wild amphibians from the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2020

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Environment has a potential effect on the animal symbiotic microbiome. Here, to study the potential relationship of the symbiotic microbiomes of wild amphibians with altitude, we collected the gut and skin samples from frogs (nine species) and the environmental samples (water and soil samples) from the Leshan Mountains (altitude: 360–410 m) and Gongga Mountains (altitude: 3340–3989 m) on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Bufo gargarizans (Bg) samples were collected from both the Leshan and Gongga mountain regions (Bg was the only species sampled on both mountains). The DNA extracted from each sample was performed high‐throughput sequencing (MiSeq) of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. High relative abundance of Caulobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae was found in skin samples from both Bg and the other high‐altitude amphibians (nine species combined). High relative abundance of Coxiellaceae and Mycoplasmataceae was found in gut samples from both Bg and the other high‐altitude amphibians. Furthermore, the alpha and beta diversities of skin and gut samples from Bg and the other amphibian species (nine species combined) were similar. In terms of the symbiotic microbial community, the low‐altitude samples were less diverse and more similar to each other than the high‐altitude samples were. We speculated that extreme high‐altitude environments and host phylogeny may affect the amphibian microbiome. Despite the distinct microbial community differences between the skin and gut microbiomes, some functions were similar in the Bg and combined high‐altitude samples. The Bg and high‐altitude skin samples had higher oxidative stress tolerance and biofilm formation than the low‐altitude skin samples. However, the opposite results were observed for the Bg and high‐altitude gut samples. Further study is required to determine whether these characteristics favor high‐altitude amphibian adaptation to extreme environments.

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Temperature variation, bacterial diversity and fungal infection dynamics in the amphibian skin

Cited by 49 publications

References 63 publications

Environmental influences on and antimicrobial activity of the skin microbiota of Proceratophrys boiei (Amphibia, Anura) across forest fragments

Environmental influences on and antimicrobial activity of the skin microbiota of Proceratophrys boiei (Amphibia, Anura) across forest fragments

Spatiotemporal successions of shrimp gut microbial colonization: high consistency despite distinct species pool

Changes in the community structure of the symbiotic microbes of wild amphibians from the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

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