Spatiotemporal successions of shrimp gut microbial colonization: high consistency despite distinct species pool

Abstract

Summary Aquatic animals encounter suites of novel planktonic microbes during their development. Although hosts have been shown to exert strong selection on their gut microbiota from surrounding environment, to what extent and the generality that the gut microbiota and the underlying ecological processes are affected by biotic and abiotic variations are largely unclear. Here, these concerns were explored by coupling spatiotemporal data on gut and rearing water bacterial communities with environmental variables over shrimp life stages at spatially distant locations. Shrimp gut microbiotas significantly changed mirroring their development, as evidenced by gut bacterial signatures of shrimp life stage contributing 95.5% stratification accuracy. Shrimp sourced little (2.6%–15.8%) of their gut microbiota from their rearing water. This microbial resistance was reflected by weak compositional differences between shrimp farming spatially distinct locations where species pools were distinct. Consistently, the assembly of shrimp gut microbiota was not adequately explained by the rearing water variables and bacterial community, but rather by host‐age‐associated biotic features. The successions of shrimp gut microbiota were droved by replacement (βsim), rather than by nestedness (βnes), while those of bacterioplankton communities were equally governed by replacement and nestedness. Our study highlights how shrimp gut bacterial community assembly is coupled to their development, rearing species pool, and that the successional pattern of host‐associated communities is differed from that of free‐living bacteria.

Dissimilarity of microbial diversity of pond water, shrimp intestine and sediment in Aquamimicry system

“…As the Pacific white shrimp is a typical benthos that takes in feed debris or sediment from the pond bottom, some culture operations in the Aquamimicry system, such as removal the feed from the bottom and using multiple oxygen increasing device to agitate the water thoroughly, can effectively reduce shrimp's intake of debris, which might weaken the effect of the environmental harmful factors on shrimp. As previously reported, shrimp sourced little of their intestinal microbiota from their rearing water, whereas the successions of intestinal microbiota were significantly correlated with host age (Xiong et al 2019(Xiong et al , 2020. In the present study, the culture stages were more pronounced than environmental factors in microbial variations (Additional file 1.…”

“…This expertise has been presented to a large number of shrimp producers, and is now adapted in many countries, such as Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Brunei, China, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Singapore, Sri Lanka, USA, and, Vietnam. As part of this novel shrimp culture technique, the microbial communities of the shrimp intestine and surrounding environment must be studied. Previous studies indicated that shrimp sourced little of their intestinal microbiota from their rearing water, whereas the successions of intestinal microbiota were significantly correlated with host age (Xiong et al 2019(Xiong et al , 2020. Indeed, identification of the microbial community present in the shrimp and nearby environment at different culture stages could facilitate our understanding of the main and important microbial groups which will help to prevent disease outbreaks and maintain good water quality condition during the culture period.…”

BALOs Improved Gut Microbiota Health in Postlarval Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) After Being Subjected to Salinity Reduction Treatment

“…Zhang et al (2016) studied gut microbiota of white shrimp reared indoors at low (3 ), medium 17, and high (30 ) salinities and showed that their Shannon index was 2.40, 2.38, and 1.86, respectively. Xiong et al (2019) revealed that the Shannon index was in the range of 3-7 at (post)larval stage and 6-8.5 at the juvenile stage and above 2.5 (2.5-8.5) at the adult stage.…”

Sediment microbial communities contribute to shrimp intestine microbiota in cultural pond ecosystems

“…Our second hypothesis is that sediment microbial communities would have a decisive role for shrimp intestine microbiota in the SCPE. Generally, multiple habitats constitute a metacommunity for the overall microbial diversity in aquatic ecosystems [31], and surrounding environments are the main sources of microbes colonizing aquatic animal intestines, and the host animal drives, in a large part, the selection of microorganisms [44,45]. Aquatic animals are theoretically microorganism-free at birth, and all postnatally acquired intestine microorganisms should migrate from their surroundings [24].…”