Temperature Stability of Traditional and Low-cost Modern Housing in the                 Eastern Cape, South Africa

Makaka, Golden; Meyer, Edson L.

doi:10.1177/1744259106065674

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This is evident in a study by Makaka and Meyer [117], who delayed the maximum indoor temperature by a couple of hours compared to the environmental temperature. At present we do not account for this delay, since the diurnal temperature ranges will be correct even if we do not.…”

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They included two studies that showed the relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature in Kenya [115] and Tanzania [116]. Here we add two additional studies, one from Kenya [48] and one describing the temperature in traditional and low-cost modern housing in the Eastern Cape, South Africa [117]. The data used to parametrize equation 36 came from; 1, Afrane et al [48]; 2, Makaka and Meyer [117]; and 3, Paaijmans et al [114-116] ( R 2 = 0.89).…”

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we add two additional studies, one from Kenya [48] and one describing the temperature in traditional and low-cost modern housing in the Eastern Cape, South Africa [117]. The data used to parametrize equation 36 came from; 1, Afrane et al [48]; 2, Makaka and Meyer [117]; and 3, Paaijmans et al [114-116] ( R 2 = 0.89). It is clear that temperatures inside a house are more stable than outdoor temperatures.…”

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that temperatures inside a house are more stable than outdoor temperatures. House type greatly influences daily temperature fluctuations [117,118], and the model used here might not be valid for all house types. While some studies have assumed that houses are always hotter than the surroundings [119], we approximate the indoor temperature as …”

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the Afrotropical region. I. Model description and sensitivity analysis

Lunde

Korecha

Loha

et al. 2013

Malar J

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BackgroundMost of the current biophysical models designed to address the large-scale distribution of malaria assume that transmission of the disease is independent of the vector involved. Another common assumption in these type of model is that the mortality rate of mosquitoes is constant over their life span and that their dispersion is negligible. Mosquito models are important in the prediction of malaria and hence there is a need for a realistic representation of the vectors involved.ResultsWe construct a biophysical model including two competing species, Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis. Sensitivity analysis highlight the importance of relative humidity and mosquito size, the initial conditions and dispersion, and a rarely used parameter, the probability of finding blood. We also show that the assumption of exponential mortality of adult mosquitoes does not match the observed data, and suggest that an age dimension can overcome this problem.ConclusionsThis study highlights some of the assumptions commonly used when constructing mosquito-malaria models and presents a realistic model of An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis and their interaction. This new mosquito model, OMaWa, can improve our understanding of the dynamics of these vectors, which in turn can be used to understand the dynamics of malaria.

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Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methods: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the Afrotropical region. I. Model description and sensitivity analysis

Lunde

Korecha

Loha

et al. 2013

Malar J

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“…At a technical level, much has been said about housing design in South Africa (Harris, 2005;Makaka andMeyer, 2006 Mathews andWeggelaar, 2006;Winkler et al, 2002). Low-income housing is commonly criticised for being ill-designed, without any consideration for energy efficiency.…”

Section: Low-income Housing Design and Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-income housing policy in practice in arid and semi-arid South Africa

Marais

Cloete

Matebesi

et al. 2010

Journal of Arid Environments

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Risks of Indoor Overheating in Low-Cost Dwellings on the South African Lowveld

Matandirotya¹,

Cilliers²,

Burger³

et al. 2020

African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation

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The South African Lowveld is a region of land that lies between 150 and 2000 m above sea level. In summer the region is characterized by the maximum mean daily ambient temperature of 32 °C. The purpose of the study was to characterize indoor thermal environments in low-cost residential dwellings during summer seasons as climate is changing. Indoor and ambient air temperature measurements were performed at a 30-min temporal resolution using Thermochron iButtons in the settlement of Agincourt. 58 free running low-cost residential dwellings were sampled over the summer seasons of 2016 and 2017. Complementary ambient air temperature data were sourced from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). Data were transformed into hourly means for further analysis. It was found that hourly maximum mean indoor temperatures ranged between 27 °C (daytime) and 23 °C (nighttime) for both living rooms and bedrooms in summer 2016 while in 2017, maximum mean indoor temperatures ranged between 29 °C (daytime) and 26 °C (nighttime) in living rooms and bedrooms. Pearson correlations showed a positive association between indoor and ambient temperatures ranging between r = 0.40 (daytime) and r = 0.90 (nighttime). The association is weak to moderate during daytime because occupants apply other ventilation practices that reduce the relationship between indoor and ambient temperatures. The close association between nighttime ambient and indoor temperature can also be attributed to the effect of urban heat island as nighttime ambient temperature remain elevated; thus, influencing indoor temperatures also remain high. These findings highlight the potential threat posed by a rise in temperatures for low-cost residential dwellings occupants due to climate change. Furthermore, the high level of sensitiveness of dwellings to ambient temperature changes also indicates housing envelopes that have poor thermal resistance to withstand the Lowveld region’s harsh extreme heat conditions, especially during summer. The study findings suggest that a potential risk of indoor overheating exists in low-cost dwellings on the South African Lowveld as the frequency and intensity of heat waves rise. There is therefore a need to develop immediate housing adaptation interventions that mitigate against the projected ambient temperature rise for example through thermal insulation retrofits on the existing housing stock and passive housing designs for new housing stock.

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Temperature Stability of Traditional and Low-cost Modern Housing in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

A dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the Afrotropical region. I. Model description and sensitivity analysis

A dynamic model of some malaria-transmitting anopheline mosquitoes of the Afrotropical region. I. Model description and sensitivity analysis

Low-income housing policy in practice in arid and semi-arid South Africa

Risks of Indoor Overheating in Low-Cost Dwellings on the South African Lowveld

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