Temperature sensibility of the birefringence properties in side-hole photonic crystal fiber filled with Indium

Reyes-Vera, Erick; Gómez-Cardona, Nelson D.; Chesini, Giancarlo; Cordeiro, Cristiano M. B.; Torres, Pedro

doi:10.1063/1.4902157

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The contribution from the modulation of the fiber birefringence induced by the expansion of the metal would be much larger than that from the variation of the fiber length due to thermal expansion [28], and therefore, the equation can be further simplified by neglecting the second term in Eq. (5).…”

Section: Sensor Fabrication and Measurement Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCFs containing two side holes filled with metal offer a structure that can be modified to create a change in the birefringence by the expansion of the metal-filled holes. Recently, we studied the birefringence optical properties of side-hole PCFs filled with In by using the crossed polarizer low-coherence interferometric method [27,28]. We demonstrated that the fiber structure and the confinement factor of the fundamental mode significantly influence the temperature sensitivity of the birefringence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The central solid core is 2.6 μm in diameter. The molten filler metals, at ∼30°C higher than their melting temperatures, were injected into the holes of the fiber by the aid of compressed air at 3 bars, then self-cooled with the chamber turned off and closed [27,28]. Figures 1(b)-1(c) show images of the PCF with the side holes filled with Bi and In, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly sensitive temperature sensor using a Sagnac loop interferometer based on a side-hole photonic crystal fiber filled with metal

Reyes-Vera¹,

Cordeiro²,

Torres³

2017

Appl. Opt.

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112

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A highly sensitive temperature sensor based on an all-fiber Sagnac loop interferometer combined with metal-filled side-hole photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and demonstrated. PCFs containing two side holes filled with metal offer a structure that can be modified to create a change in the birefringence of the fiber by the expansion of the filler metal. Bismuth and indium were used to examine the effect of filler metal on the temperature sensitivity of the fiber-optic temperature sensor. It was found from measurements that a very high temperature sensitivity of -9.0 nm/°C could be achieved with the indium-filled side-hole PCF. The experimental results are compared to numerical simulations with good agreement. It is shown that the high temperature sensitivity of the sensor is attributed to the fiber microstructure, which has a significant influence on the modulation of the birefringence caused by the expansion of the metal-filled holes.

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Section: Sensor Fabrication and Measurement Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly sensitive temperature sensor using a Sagnac loop interferometer based on a side-hole photonic crystal fiber filled with metal

Reyes-Vera¹,

Cordeiro²,

Torres³

2017

Appl. Opt.

Self Cite

112

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“…Then, δ=0 and the maximum power transfer between the cores is achieved [22]. The values of the effective refractive index at different wavelengths of each mode were obtained using the full-vectorial FEM [12], [23], [24]. On the other hand, other supported modes are unable to be effectively excited due to the unsatisfied phase-matching condition, for example the LP01 mode on the left core.…”

Section: Mode Converter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a modal converter based on an asymmetric dual-core photonic crystal fiber

Reyes-Vera¹,

Úsuga²,

Acevedo-Echeverry³

et al. 2017

Opt. Pura Apl.

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Análisis del rendimiento de un conversor modal basado en una fibra de cristal fotónico doble núcleo asimétricaErick Reyes-Vera 1,2, * , J. Úsuga 2 , J. Acevedo-Echeverry 2 , N. Gómez-Cardona 2 , M. Varón 1 Colombia, A.A. 055051, Bogotá, Colombia. 2. Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, A.A. 50034, Medellín, Colombia. (*) E-mail: eereyesv@unal.edu. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Nacional de ABSTRACTIn this paper a novel modal converter based on an asymmetric dual-core photonic crystal fiber is proposed and numerically analyzed by using the full-vector finite element method. This converter allows mode conversion between the LP01 and LP11 modes, and the LP01 and LP21 modes. These modes are obtained at 1.55 µm. In addition, it was found that the operating wavelength of this device has a great dependence on the different geometric parameters of the structure, such as the diameter of the holes and the pitch as well. Finally, a compact device that can be used in the O + S + C + L + U bands with efficiency greater than 80% and a total length of 2 mm was obtained. This is a very interesting alternative to fabricate new all-fiber optic devices that could be implemented in mode division multiplexing systems.Key words: Mode-division multiplexing; mode converter; photonic crystal fiber; dual-core optical fiber. RESUMENEn este artículo, un novedoso conversor modal basado en una fibra de cristal fotónico con núcleos asimétricos es propuesto y analizado a través de la implementación del método de elementos finitos. Este dispositivo permite la conversión modal entre los modos LP01 con el LP11 y LP01 con el LP21 a una longitud de onda de 1.55 µm. Adicionalmente, hemos encontrado que la longitud de onda de operación de este tipo de dispositivos presenta una fuerte dependencia con los parámetros geométricos de la estructura tales como el diámetro de los agujeros y la distancia entre ellos. Finalmente, se obtuvo un dispositivo fotónico compacto que puede ser empleado en las bandas O + S + C + L + U con eficiencias superiores al 80 % y una longitud total de 2 mm. Esta es una alternativa interesante a la hora de fabricar nuevos dispositivos totalmente integrados a fibra óptica que puedan ser implementados en sistemas de multiplexación por división modal.Palabras clave: multiplexación por división modal; conversor modal; fibra de cristal fotónico; fibra óptica doble núcleo. REFERENCES AND LINKS / REFERENCIAS Y ENLACES[1] D. J. Richardson, J. M. Fini, and L. E. Nelson, "Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres," Nat. Photonics, vol. 7, no. April, pp. 354-362 (2013 [9] Y. Weng, X. He, J. Wang, and Z. Pan, "All-optical ultrafast wavelength and mode converter based on inter-modal four-wave mixing in few-mode fibers," Opt. Commun., vol. 348, pp. 7-12 (2015).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2015.03.018[10] T. Hellwig, T. Walbaum, and C. Fallnich, "Optically induced mode conversion in graded-index fibers using ultra-short laser pulses," ...

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“…The size and shape of the holes, their distribution, the insertion of materials into the holes, and the different interferometric arrangements are parameters that allow fabricating of MSF with different structures and geometries. Therefore, this leads to different conditions that optimize the propagation of optical waves along the MSF and enhances its sensing applications [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In general, there are two configurations that have been mainly used to design MSF sensors: grating and interferometric-based sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Sensor Based on an Asymmetric Two-Hole Fiber Using a Sagnac Interferometer

et al. 2018

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We report in this paper a temperature sensor based on an asymmetric two-hole fiber (ATHF) using a Sagnac interferometer (SI) configuration. The operation principle is based on the birefringence change induced by the temperature difference between the air holes and the silica fiber. As a result, the transmitted spectrum of the SI exhibits a sinusoidal profile which is shifted when the temperature is increased. A linear wavelength shift as a function of temperature is observed, and a sensitivity of 2.22 nm/°C was achieved using a 2 m long asymmetric THF, which is in the same order as those previously reported using similar microstructured fibers. The advantage of this system is a linear response, the use of a microstructured fiber with a simpler transverse geometry, and the use of bigger holes which can facilitate the insertion of several materials and improve the sensitivity of the sensor for different applications.

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Temperature sensibility of the birefringence properties in side-hole photonic crystal fiber filled with Indium

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Highly sensitive temperature sensor using a Sagnac loop interferometer based on a side-hole photonic crystal fiber filled with metal

Highly sensitive temperature sensor using a Sagnac loop interferometer based on a side-hole photonic crystal fiber filled with metal

Performance analysis of a modal converter based on an asymmetric dual-core photonic crystal fiber

Temperature Sensor Based on an Asymmetric Two-Hole Fiber Using a Sagnac Interferometer

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