Temperature Modeling of AISI 1045 Steel during Surface Hardening Processes

Hung, Tsung-Pin; Shi, Hao-En; Kuang, Jao-Hwa

doi:10.3390/ma11101815

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2 (d)). The high scanning speed in case of sample #3 also resulted in a lower laser heating temperature [20], which led to lower carbon content in primary austenite and the formation of more LM. The laser power and scanning speed of sample #3 were higher (in comparison to sample #2), but the laser energy density was relatively lower, which reduced the laser-tomatrix interaction time and increased the cooling rate.…”

Section: Microstructure and Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Laser Energy Density On Carbide Dissolution, Element Distribution and Microstructure Evolution of AISI P20 Steel During Laser Surface Quenching

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Laser surface quenching (LSQ) was performed on AISI P20 mould and hot-working die steel with an objective to improve surface characteristics. The steel was treated under three different process parameter conditions. The microstructure, element distribution and residual stresses were investigated through SEM, EDS and XRD analyses. The effect of laser energy density on carbide dissolution/ablation, microstructure evolution were thoroughly investigated. The dissolution/ablation of carbides significantly affected the formation of martensite and retained austenite, and the distribution of elements and phase in the microstructure. The results of the study and analyses of treated surface revealed that the LSQ treatment significantly improved the microstructure, eliminated the pores or other defects. Furthermore, the degree of carbide dissolution/ablation was closely related to the laser energy density. Comparing to Cr7C3, Cr3C2 was more difficult to dissolve at lower laser energy density. Thus, those incompletely dissolved Cr3C2 would hinder the growth of austenite and reduce the carbon content in austenite and lead to the formation of low-carbon martensite. The highest laser energy density (150 J/mm2), was able to produce finer microstructure and significantly reduced the inhomogeneity in distribution of Cr between the poor and the rich Cr areas.

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Section: Microstructure and Phase Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Laser Energy Density On Carbide Dissolution, Element Distribution and Microstructure Evolution of AISI P20 Steel During Laser Surface Quenching

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…From this point, the carbon contained in the perlite grains becomes in solid solution, homogenizes in the perlite before migrating to the ferrite grains, which contain a small percentage of carbon. The diffusivity of carbon is approximately 1 × 10 −5 e −9.0/T m 2 /s in austenite and 6 × 10 −5 e −5.3/T m 2 /s in ferrite [14] [15]. In rapid cooling, only austenite regions containing sufficient carbon will be transformed into martensite.…”

Section: Metallurgical Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows the evolution of the thermal conductivity (λ) and the specific heat (C p ) as a function of the temperature evolution. These properties are expressed by Equations (14) and (15) respectively. The variables constituting the parametric equation of the heat source are defined in Table 4 and expressed using Equation (16).…”

Section: Simulation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Laser Surface Hardening of AISI 4340 Using 3D FEM Model for Thermal Analysis of Different Laser Scanning Patterns

Tarchoun¹,

Ouafi²,

Chebak³

2020

MNSMS

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Laser surface hardening is becoming one of the most successful heat treatment processes for improving wear and fatigue properties of steel parts. In this process, the heating system parameters and the material properties have important effects on the achieved hardened surface characteristics. The control of these variables using predictive modeling strategies leads to the desired surface properties without following the fastidious trial and error method. However, when the dimensions of the surface to be treated are larger than the cross section of the laser beam, various laser scanning patterns can be used. Due to their effects on the hardened surface properties, the attributes of the selected scanning patterns become significant variables in the process. This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations of four scanning patterns for laser surface hardening of AISI 4340 steel. The investigations are based on exhaustive modelling and simulation efforts carried out using a 3D finite element thermal analysis and structured experimental study according to Taguchi method. The temperature distribution and the hardness profile attributes are used to evaluate the effects of heating parameters and patterns design parameters on the hardened surface characteristics. This is very useful for integrating the scanning patterns' features in an efficient predictive modeling approach. A structured experimental design combined to improved statistical analysis tools is used to assess the 3D model performance. The experiments are performed on a 3 kW Nd:Yag laser system. The modeling results exhibit a great agreement between the predicted and measured values for the hardened surface characteristics. The model evaluation reveals also its ability to provide not only accurate and robust predictions of the temperature distribution and the hardness profile as well an in-depth analysis of the effects of the process parameters.

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“…In the previous research, the author proposed a finite element analysis model of laser Gaussian energy distribution [17], using a single-pass laser to discuss the effects of different processing parameters on the hardened zone of medium carbon steel. The numerical analyses of this study were also performed using the thermoelastic–plastic models of the commercial MSC Marc software suite for finite element analysis.…”

Section: Finite Element Analysis Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Field Numerical Analysis Mode and Verification of Quenching Heat Treatment Using Carbon Steel in Rotating Laser Scanning

et al. 2019

Self Cite

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Temperature history and hardening depth are experimentally characterized in the rotational laser hardening process for an AISI 1045 medium carbon steel specimen. A three-dimensional finite element model is proposed to predict the temperature field distribution and hardening zone area. The laser temperature field is set up for an average distribution and scanned along a circular path. Linear motion also takes place alongside rotation. The prediction of hardening area can be increased by increasing the rotational radius, which in turn raises the processing efficiency. A good agreement is found between the experimental characterized hardness value and metallographic composition. The uniformity of the hardening area decreases with increasing laser scanning speed. The increased laser power input could help to expand the hardening depth.

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Temperature Modeling of AISI 1045 Steel during Surface Hardening Processes

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Laser Energy Density On Carbide Dissolution, Element Distribution and Microstructure Evolution of AISI P20 Steel During Laser Surface Quenching

Effects of Laser Energy Density On Carbide Dissolution, Element Distribution and Microstructure Evolution of AISI P20 Steel During Laser Surface Quenching

Numerical Investigation of Laser Surface Hardening of AISI 4340 Using 3D FEM Model for Thermal Analysis of Different Laser Scanning Patterns

Temperature Field Numerical Analysis Mode and Verification of Quenching Heat Treatment Using Carbon Steel in Rotating Laser Scanning

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