Temperature influence on phytoplankton community growth rates

Sherman, Elliot; Moore, J. Keith; Primeau, François; Tanouye, David

doi:10.1002/2015gb005272

Cited by 88 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The data analysis in this work represents the strongest evidence to date for a global temperature dependence of the attenuation of the POC flux in the open ocean. The range of Q 10 values to which we could constrain the temperature parameter are close to values used for phytoplankton growth and bacteria (typically between 1.5 and 2.2) [ Eppley , ; White et al , ; Bissinger et al , ; Sherman et al , ]. Our results confirm and extend attempts from previous authors to estimate the relationship between temperature and remineralization using a variety of approaches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Temperature and oxygen dependence of the remineralization of organic matter

Laufkötter

John

Stock

et al. 2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

108

124

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Accurate representation of the remineralization of sinking organic matter is crucial for reliable projections of the marine carbon cycle. Both water temperature and oxygen concentration are thought to influence remineralization rates, but limited data constraints have caused disagreement concerning the degree of these influences. We analyze a compilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux measurements from 19 globally distributed sites. Our results indicate that the attenuation of the flux of particulate organic matter depends on temperature with a Q10 between 1.5 and 2.01, and on oxygen described by a half‐saturation constant between 4 and 12 μmol/L. We assess the impact of the temperature and oxygen dependence in the biogeochemistry model Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry, and Lower Trophics, coupled to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Earth System Model ESM2M. The new remineralization parameterization results in shallower remineralization in the low latitudes but deeper remineralization in the high latitudes, redistributing POC flux toward the poles. It also decreases the volume of the oxygen minimum zones, partly addressing a long‐standing bias in global climate models. Extrapolating temperature‐dependent remineralization rates to the surface (i.e., beyond the depth range of POC flux data) resulted in rapid recycling and excessive surface nutrients. Surface nutrients could be ameliorated by reducing near‐surface rates in a manner consistent with bacterial colonization, suggesting the need for improved remineralization constraints within the euphotic zone. The temperature and oxygen dependence cause an additional 10% decrease in global POC flux at 500 m depth, but no significant change in global POC flux at 2000 m under the RCP8.5 future projection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Temperature and oxygen dependence of the remineralization of organic matter

Laufkötter

John

Stock

et al. 2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

108

124

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“…It may suffice to say here that higher E values of net growth rates simply mean higher temperature sensitivity, that is, a higher positive or negative value indicates that the increase or decrease in μ net per °C is greater. Expressed as Q 10 values, our results ranged from −4.24 to 7.71 for phytoplankton loss in September and gain in March, respectively, with an overall mean value of 1.43 ± 0.40 SE, not significantly different from a global estimate of the temperature dependence of phytoplankton growth rates in situ (1.47, Sherman et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Temperature sensitivities of microbial plankton net growth rates are seasonally coherent and linked to nutrient availability

Morán

Calvo‐Díaz

Arandia-Gorostidi

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Recent work suggests that temperature effects on marine heterotrophic bacteria are strongly seasonal, but few attempts have been made to concurrently assess them across trophic levels. Here, we estimated the temperature sensitivities (using activation energies, E) of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial plankton net growth rates over an annual cycle in NE Atlantic coastal waters. Phytoplankton grew in winter and late autumn (0.41 ± 0.16 SE d ) and decayed in the remaining months (-0.42 ± 0.10 d ). Heterotrophic microbes shared a similar seasonality, with positive net growth for bacteria (0.14-1.48 d ), while nanoflagellates had higher values (> 0.4 d ) in winter and spring relative to the rest of the year (-0.46 to 0.29 d ). Net growth rates activation energies showed similar dynamics in the three groups (-1.07 to 1.51 eV), characterized by maxima in winter, minima in summer and resumed increases in autumn. Microbial plankton E values were significantly correlated with nitrate concentrations as a proxy for nutrient availability. Nutrient-sufficiency (i.e., > 1 μmol l nitrate) resulted in significantly higher activation energies of phytoplankton and heterotrophic nanoflagellates relative to nutrient-limited conditions. We suggest that only within spatio-temporal windows of both moderate bottom-up and top-down controls will temperature have a major enhancing effect on microbial growth.

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“…with a q 10 value of 1.5 (Sherman et al, 2016), T being the ambient ocean temperature (in K), and T 0 the reference temperature of 303.15 K. The photosynthetic growth rate, P F (in mmol C m −3 s −1 ), can finally be determined as follows:…”

Section: Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling seasonal and vertical habitats of planktonic foraminifera on a global scale

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Species of planktonic foraminifera exhibit specific seasonal production patterns and different preferred vertical habitats. The seasonal and vertical habitats are not constant throughout the range of the species and changes therein must be considered when interpreting paleoceanographic reconstructions based on fossil foraminifera. However, detecting the effect of changing vertical and seasonal habitat on foraminifera proxies requires independent evidence for either habitat or climate change. In practice, this renders accounting for habitat tracking from fossil evidence almost impossible. An alternative method that could reduce the bias in paleoceanographic reconstructions is to predict speciesspecific habitat shifts under climate change using an ecosystem modeling approach. To this end, we present a new version of a planktonic foraminifera model, PLAFOM2.0, embedded into the ocean component of the Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2. This model predicts monthly global concentrations of the planktonic foraminiferal species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, N. incompta, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides ruber (white), and Trilobatus sacculifer throughout the world ocean, resolved in 24 vertical layers to 250 m of depth. The resolution along the vertical dimension has been implemented by applying the previously used spatial parameterization of carbon biomass as a function of temperature, light, nutrition, and competition on depth-resolved parameter fields. This approach alone results in the emergence of species-specific vertical habitats, which are spatially and temporally variable. Although an explicit parameterization of the vertical dimension has not been carried out, the seasonal and vertical distribution patterns predicted by the model are in good agreement with sediment trap data and plankton tow observations. In the simulation, the colder-water species N. pachyderma, N. incompta, and G. bulloides show a pronounced seasonal cycle in their depth habitat in the polar and subpolar regions, which appears to be controlled by food availability. During the warm season, these species preferably occur in the subsurface (below 50 m of water depth), while towards the cold season they ascend through the water column and are found closer to the sea surface. The warm-water species G. ruber (white) and T. sacculifer exhibit a less variable shallow depth habitat with highest carbon biomass concentrations within the top 40 m of the water column. Nevertheless, even these species show vertical habitat variability and their seasonal occurrence outside the tropics is limited to the warm surface layer that develops at the end of the warm season. The emergence in PLAFOM2.0 of species-specific vertical habitats, which are consistent with observations, indicates that the population dynamics of planktonic foraminifera species may be driven by the same factors in time, space, and with depth, in which case the model can provide a reliable and robust tool to aid the interpretation of proxy records.

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Temperature influence on phytoplankton community growth rates

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Temperature and oxygen dependence of the remineralization of organic matter

Temperature and oxygen dependence of the remineralization of organic matter

Temperature sensitivities of microbial plankton net growth rates are seasonally coherent and linked to nutrient availability

Modeling seasonal and vertical habitats of planktonic foraminifera on a global scale

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