Temperature effect on viscoelastic properties of anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers under compression

Abstract

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are a class of smart materials composed of an elastomer and micron-sized magnetic particles. Besides the loading amplitude and frequency, the elastic and rheological properties of MREs are also dependent on the external magnetic field and temperature. Previous studies focused on the influences of external magnetic field, strain amplitude and frequency on the dynamic properties, however, the temperature effect was rarely reported. In this paper, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were carried out to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the anisotropic MRE samples under various temperatures and magnetic fields. A transition behavior of the anisotropic MRE samples was observed at about 50°C for dynamic modulus. The storage modulus initially decreased with the increasing of temperature up to 50°C and then increased or maintained a stable value when temperature increased until to 60°C. The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was extended to construct the dynamic modulus master curve of the MREs by using the horizontal shift factor and the vertical shift factor. The good correlations between the measured and predicted data were confirmed by performing statistical analysis for the goodness of fit. The constructed master curve and shift factors can be used to predict the viscoelastic properties of the MREs beyond the DMA experiment range of temperatures and frequencies.

A Review of Magnetic Elastomers and Their Role in Soft Robotics

“…The magnetostrictive (change in shape during the application of a magnetic field) properties of MREs are of interest for application in damping systems and for precision control of vibration mitigation (Zhou, 2003 ). Other research in the area of MREs and damping control include: inserting carbon nanotubes and investigating their effect on the MRE's shear modulus (Zhao et al, 2019a , b ), adding carbon black to enhance desirable damping properties (Nayak et al, 2015 ), studying the impact of magnetic anisotropy on storage modulus (Jung et al, 2016 ), studying the impact of acetone on particle alignment and storage modulus (Damiani and Sun, 2017 ), investigating the contributions of different additives, such as ammonium bicarbonate on material properties (Ju et al, 2012 ), inspecting the impact of heat and radiation on MRE performance (Zhang et al, 2009b ; Wan et al, 2018 ), exploring the role of particle volume percentage on vibration isolation (Leng et al, 2018 ), testing a variable stiffness MRE spring for use in a prosthetic device (Gudmundsson, 2011 ), and creating variable stiffness and damping isolators with MREs (Behrooz et al, 2014 ).…”

A novel bi-directional shear mode magneto-rheological elastomer vibration isolator

“…Semi-active vibration isolation systems can be developed using magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE), which is a suitable candidate among many materials suggested for developing semi-active devices; an MRE is a class of functional intelligent materials, which consists of solid polymeric matrix and magnetic particles, and exhibits variable/controllable mechanical properties in response to an external magnetic field (Carlson and Jolly, 2000; Kwon et al, 2018; Li et al, 2014; Ubaidillah et al, 2015; Wan et al, 2018). While the invention of magneto-rheological (MR) materials was attributed by Jacob Rabinow in 1948, the developments in MR fluids and elastomers for various engineering applications have emerged only during the past few decades (Rigbi and Jilkén, 1983).…”

A nonlinear dynamic model of magnetorheological elastomers in magnetic fields based on fractional viscoelasticity

“…The dynamic behavior of MREs can be affected by not only the material themselves, including components and fabrications, but also by in-service conditions (Bai et al, 2019; Wan et al, 2019; Wang and Kari, 2019); so the development of the dynamic model for MREs is a foremost problem for the realization of vibration control. Since the first dipole model of MREs, chain and column models have been subsequently proposed for MREs, to optimize the particle volume fraction and predict the field-induced modulus (Chen et al, 2007; Davis, 1999; Jolly et al, 1996).…”