Temperature Dependence of the Optical Transition Energies of Carbon Nanotubes: The Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling and Thermal Expansion

Cronin, Stephen B.; Yin, Yaozu; Walsh, Aaron M.; Capaz, Rodrigo B.; Stolyarov, Alexander M.; Tangney, Paul; Cohen, Marvin L.; Louie, Steven G.; Swan, Anna K.; Ünlü, M. Selim; Goldberg, Bennett B.; Tinkham, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.127403

Cited by 82 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The variation of the RBM intensity is correlated with the temperature-induced change of E ii . Generally, E ii is downshifted with increasing temperature [31,32]. At a low temperature, the transitional energy E ii of the metallic SWNT is slightly larger than the excitation laser energy (E L ), and the RBM shows modest intensity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The temperature evolution of G mode in the Raman spectra of surface grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is investigated. It is revealed that the intensity of G − mode in Raman spectra varies with the measurement temperature. The intensity variation of the G − mode is synchronized to that of the radial breathing mode, which is sensitive to the resonance condition (|E L − E ii |). Such an intensity evolution is associated with the temperature-induced change of E ii . That is, the intensity of G − , an indication of electron-phonon coupling in metallic SWNTs, can be greatly enhanced only when the laser energy well matches the transition energy of nanotubes (E ii ). In other words, the window for observing asymmetric and broad G − mode is very narrow. This work further confirms that the G − mode in the Raman spectrum mainly arises from metallic SWNTs, and caution should be paid when using the intensity ratio of G − /G + to estimate the percentage of metallic SWNTs in products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…Whilst there are a considerable number of papers [22][23][24][25] which deal with the temperature dependence of Raman scattering from carbon nanotubes nearly all of this literature focuses on shifts in the resonance energy and phonon energies with temperature. There are very few papers which contain any data on the temperature dependence of the strength of the scattering despite its sensitivity to coherence effects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many papers the resonances are presented in a normalised form which prevents comparison of amplitudes between temperatures. 22 After considerable literature searching we found one paper, Simon et al 25 , which presents un-normalised RBM resonance profiles as a function of temperature but does not explicitly analyse the temperature dependence of the strength of the scattering and a second paper, May et al, 26 which presents data and analyses the temperature dependence of the scattering strength. May et al present results on metallic and semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes in the temperature range 300K-775K.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence lifetime broadened optical transitions in a 2 atom diameter HgTe nanowire: a temperature dependent resonance Raman study

et al. 2016

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This paper presents the results of measurements of the temperature dependence of resonance Raman scattering from 2 atom diameter HgTe nanowires embedded in the central pore of single walled carbon nanotubes, over the temperature range 4-295K and excitation photon energies in the range 1.65 to 1.90 eV. The spectra are analysed to extract the temperature dependence of the phonon energies and linewidths and the central energy, linewidth and peak scattering strength of the optical resonances. The temperature dependence of the peak scattering strength is explained by a model in which the resonance broadening is dominated by coherence lifetime broadening, allowing us to determine the coherence lifetime of the underlying optical transition: 9fs at 295K and 18fs at 50K. The results are comparable with similar results on carbon nanotubes which suggests that the optical transitions responsible for the Raman resonances are excitonic.

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“…For example, fluorescence from an SWNT varies with surfactant system, 119,129,155,227 solvent, 218 atmosphere, 155 temperature, 157 and pressure, 158 and quenches when in direct contact with some substrates like silicon. 189 Indeed, the fluorescence spectra of SWNTs changed dramatically upon rinsing, displaying greatly reduced intensities and broader line widths ( Figure 6-4).…”

Section: Influence Of Local Environment On Swnt Fluorescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic molecules that have remained at the forefront of nanomaterials research since 1991, largely due to their exceptional and unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The motivation for understanding how nanotubes interact with light (i.e., SWNT photophysics) is both fundamental and applied. Individual nanotubes may someday be used as superior near-infrared fluorophores, biological tags and sensors, and components for ultrahigh-speed optical communications systems. Establishing an understanding of basic nanotube photophysics is intrinsically significant and should enable the rapid development of such innovations. Unlike conventional molecules, carbon nanotubes are synthesized as heterogeneous samples, composed of molecules with different diameters, chiralities, and lengths. Because a nanotube can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on its particular molecular structure, SWNT samples are also mixtures of conductors and semiconductors. Early progress in understanding the optical characteristics of SWNTs was limited because nanotubes aggregate when synthesized, causing a mixing of the energy states of different nanotube structures. Recently, significant improvements in sample preparation have made it possible to isolate individual nanotubes, enabling many advances in characterizing their optical properties. In this Account, single-molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy were implemented to study the fluorescence from individual nanotubes. Single-molecule measurements naturally circumvent the difficulties associated with SWNT sample inhomogeneities. Intrinsic SWNT photoluminescence has a simple narrow Lorentzian line shape and a polarization dependence, as expected for a one-dimensional system. Although the local environment heavily influences the optical transition wavelength and intensity, single nanotubes are exceptionally photostable. In fact, they have the unique characteristic that their single molecule fluorescence intensity remains constant over time; SWNTs do not “blink” or photobleach under ambient conditions. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited nanotubes and to elucidate the nature of the SWNT excited state. For metallic SWNTs, very fast initial recovery times (300–500 fs) corresponded to excited-state relaxation. For semiconducting SWNTs, an additional slower decay component was observed (50–100 ps) that corresponded to electron–hole recombination. As the excitation intensity was increased, multiple electron–hole pairs were generated in the SWNT; however, these e−h pairs annihilated each other completely in under 3 ps. Studying the dynamics of this annihilation process revealed the lifetimes for one, two, and three e−h pairs, which further confirmed that the photoexcitation of SWNTs produces not free electrons but rather one-dimensional bound electron–hole pairs (i.e., excitons). In summary, nanotube photophysics is a rapidly developing area o...

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Temperature Dependence of the Optical Transition Energies of Carbon Nanotubes: The Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling and Thermal Expansion

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Coherence lifetime broadened optical transitions in a 2 atom diameter HgTe nanowire: a temperature dependent resonance Raman study

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Temperature Dependence of the Optical Transition Energies of Carbon Nanotubes: The Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling and Thermal Expansion

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Temperature Dependence of G− Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Temperature Dependence of G− Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Coherence lifetime broadened optical transitions in a 2 atom diameter HgTe nanowire: a temperature dependent resonance Raman study

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Temperature Dependence of G⁻ Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes