Temperature control in 5th generation district heating and cooling networks: An MILP-based operation optimization

Wirtz, Marco; Neumaier, Lisa; Remmen, Peter; Müller, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116608

Cited by 53 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…District Heating and Cooling Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99740 working temperatures. A common approach bounding temperatures in the supply and return lines to maximum and minimum values has been adopted [12,95].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating and Cooling Systems

Cruz¹,

Ugalde‐Loo²

2021

Microgrids and Local Energy Systems

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Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating and Cooling Systems

Cruz¹,

Ugalde‐Loo²

2021

Microgrids and Local Energy Systems

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“…The heat transfer coefficient was estimated based on the material and diameter of pipe and insulation (Nussbaumer et al, 2018). Some publications based their thermal losses on empirical calculations (Wirtz et al, 2021b). Eq.…”

Section: Frontiers In Energy Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, GIS are information systems that support the analysis, caption, editing, organization, and presentation of spatial data (Bill, 2010). Another important modeling element is the grid's water inertia (or storage capacity) (Wirtz et al, 2021b). Some publications modeled the forward-flow (grey lines in Figure 7) and the backward-flow (blue dashed lines in Figure 7) (Krug et al, 2020), while others neglected the backwardflow of the grid (Weinand et al, 2019).…”

Section: Literature Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design optimization of district heating systems: A review

2022

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District heating systems offer the possibility of lowering emissions and support the goal of reaching a carbon-neutral energy system by integrating renewable heat sources. Therefore, this work provided a systematic literature review to identify potential research gaps and show the literature distribution over the relevant topics. The focus is on the design optimization with (non-)linear programming of district heating systems in the context of decarbonization. Furthermore, crucial energy balance equations were extracted from the literature for a potential optimization problem. The systematic literature review limited its search to two databases, 10 years timespan, a quality measure, and uses keywords regarding topic and method. Categories were derived based on the subject and literature to cluster the found publications and identify potential research gaps. The results showed potential research gaps in the depiction of different stakeholder decisions, reduction of computational efforts, and their resulting uncertainties. Additionally, they identified gaps in the integration of low-grade heat sources, thermal storage facilities, and energy converters, especially geothermal energy, large-scale heat pumps, and seasonal storages.

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“…However, it should not be too much regeneration energy during the warm months in order to provide free cooling at a directly usable temperature level. Wirtz et al [39] (p. 25) showed that an optimum temperature for free cooling is around 14 • C. The two heat sources (geothermal collectors and air-cooled chiller plant) are hydraulically connected and therefore enable the shifting of energy loads. Together with the 5GDHC, the consumers in the construction area are supplied with heating and cooling energy.…”

Section: Geothermal Collector With Air-cooled Chiller Plant and Active 5gdhc In Neustadt Am Rübenberge (Germany)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems for 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks

Zeh

Ohlsen²,

Philipp³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Low temperature district heating and cooling networks (5GDHC) in combination with very shallow geothermal energy potentials enable the complete renewable heating and cooling supply of settlements up to entire city districts. With the help of 5GDHC, heating and cooling can be distributed at a low temperature level with almost no distribution losses and made useable to consumers via decentralized heat pumps (HP). Numerous renewable heat sources, from wastewater heat exchangers and low-temperature industrial waste heat to borehole heat exchangers and large-scale geothermal collector systems (LSC), can be used for these networks. The use of large-scale geothermal collector systems also offers the opportunity to shift heating and cooling loads seasonally, contributing to flexibility in the heating network. In addition, the soil can be cooled below freezing point due to the strong regeneration caused by the solar irradiation. Multilayer geothermal collector systems can be used to deliberately generate excessive cooling of individual areas in order to provide cooling energy for residential buildings, office complexes or industrial applications. Planning these systems requires expertise and understanding regarding the interaction of these technologies in the overall system. This paper provides a summary of experience in planning 5GDHC with large-scale geothermal collector systems as well as other renewable heat sources.

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Temperature control in 5th generation district heating and cooling networks: An MILP-based operation optimization

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

District Heating and Cooling Systems

District Heating and Cooling Systems

Design optimization of district heating systems: A review

Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems for 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks

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