Design optimization of district heating systems: A review

Sporleder, Maximilian; Rath, Michael; Ragwitz, Mario

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.971912

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Increasing the length of the pipe causes higher losses and a lower extraction temperature. Based on Sporleder et al (2022), most simulations work with temperatures above 60 °C at the consumer's transfer station. Therefore, we set the technical potential to 𝑇 2=> ≥ 60 °C for 𝑇 ?24@ = −10 °C.…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing idle wells in the North German Basin as deep borehole heat exchangers

Koltzer,

Schoenherr,

Sporleder

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates the feasibility to repurpose wells from gas produc-tion for geothermal closed loop application in the North German Basin (NGB). The objective is to extend the value-added chain of idle wells by re-completion as coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers as an efficient way to produce green energy without drilling new wells by saving the carbon emis-sion and costs of building a new geothermal well. With numerical models of two typical geological settings of the North German Basin (NGB) and two different completion schemes, it is possible to simulate the thermal performance over a lifetime of 30 years. The calculated heat extrac-tion rates range from 200 kW to 400 kW, with maximum values of up to 600 kW. The heat extraction is higher compared to installed deep borehole heat exchangers. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that re-completion depth and injection temperature are the most sensitive parameters of thermal out-put determination. The heat demand around the boreholes is mapped, and heat generation costs are calculated with heating network simulations. The initial production costs for heat are comparable to other renewable energy resources like bio-mass and competitive against gas prices in 2023. This study highlights available geothermal resources’ environmental and economic potential in already installed wells. The application has almost no geological and no drilling risks and may be installed at any idle well location.

show abstract

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing idle wells in the North German Basin as deep borehole heat exchangers

Koltzer,

Schoenherr,

Sporleder

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The discrete nature of network expansions and commercially available pipe diameters often leads to a mixedinteger programming formulation. [5] shows that most publications on district heating topology optimization are using MILP. In [6], mixed-integer linear programming is used to solve this structural optimization for a district cooling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nonlinear Optimization Method for Expansion Planning of District Heating Systems with Graph Preprocessing

Lambert

Spliethoff

2023

36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS 20

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a method to find the optimal topology, pipe sizing, and operational parameters of a district heating system under consideration of one design point. The current high costs of district heating systems set limits regarding the minimum heat demand density required for economic network expansions. Optimized routing with ideal pipe sizing and optimal operating parameters offers a potential for cost reduction. With a lower network temperature, the consideration of nonlinear transport phenomena within the district heating network becomes increasingly important. Therefore, a new nonlinear optimization method is introduced, where graph preprocessing reduces the computational effort of the subsequent nonlinear optimization. A cost penalization method, using a smooth approximation of a Heaviside function is applied to pipe investment costs to account for discrete piping diameters. To guarantee fast convergence of the optimization algorithm, the Jacobian matrixes are calculated and the problem is solved with an interior point algorithm. As a proof of concept, the district heating system for a small fictional town with 42 consumers is optimized and analyzed. The whole nonlinear optimization is performed in 19.37 sec and in most cases discrete or near discrete diameters are achieved in a nonlinear continuous optimization.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the technology is used to supply energy for space cooling and dehumidification. [10,11]. DCS are tailored towards meeting and satisfying the energy demand for cooling purposes for an energy distribution network within a confined marketplace [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a contemporary developed technology, DCS are used in areas flooded with high-density buildings due to their high cooling efficiency. Moreover, the technology is used to supply energy for space cooling and dehumidification [10,11]. DCS are tailored towards meeting and satisfying the energy demand for cooling purposes for an energy distribution network within a confined marketplace [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Green Cooling: Exploring the Benefits of Sustainable Energy-Powered District Cooling with Thermal Energy Storage

Al-Nini

Almahbashi

et al. 2023

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines the economic and environmental impacts of district cooling systems (DCS) that are integrated with renewable energy sources and thermal energy storage (TES). Typically, a DCS offers a highly efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional air conditioning systems, providing cool air to buildings and communities through a centralized system that uses chilled water. However, the integration of renewable energy and thermal energy storage into these systems can further increase their sustainability and efficiency, reducing their dependence on fossil fuels and improving their ability to handle fluctuations in demand. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of renewable energy-driven DCS with TES integrated and to highlight the benefits and challenges associated with these systems. Finally, the findings of this paper offer valuable insights into the potential for renewable energy-powered district cooling systems to contribute to a more sustainable and efficient built environment.

show abstract

Design optimization of district heating systems: A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 70 publications

Repurposing idle wells in the North German Basin as deep borehole heat exchangers

Repurposing idle wells in the North German Basin as deep borehole heat exchangers

A Nonlinear Optimization Method for Expansion Planning of District Heating Systems with Graph Preprocessing

A Review on Green Cooling: Exploring the Benefits of Sustainable Energy-Powered District Cooling with Thermal Energy Storage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About