Temperature compensation of floating-gate transistors in field-programmable analog arrays

DiLello, Alexander; Andryzcik, Steven; Kelly, Brandon M.; Rumberg, Brandon; Graham, David

doi:10.1109/iscas.2017.8050290

“…Hence, it becomes more important to study the effects of temperature on a reconfigurable platform and investigate methods that could reduce these variations. A FG temperature compensation structure as part of the CAB is used to reduce the variation in current over temperature [32]. This work presents several circuits, models, and techniques to estimate and reduce the temperature variation of such a system.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models and Techniques for Temperature Robust Systems on a Reconfigurable Platform

Shah

¹

,

Töreyin

²

,

Hasler

³

et al. 2017

JLPEA

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This paper investigates the variability of various circuits and systems over temperature and presents several methods to improve their performance over temperature. The work demonstrates use of large scale reconfigurable System-On-Chip (SOC) for reducing the variability of circuits and systems compiled on a Floating Gate (FG) based Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). Temperature dependencies of circuits are modeled using an open-source simulator built in the Scilab/XCOS environment and the results are compared with measurement data obtained from the FPAA. This comparison gives further insight into the temperature dependence of various circuits and signal processing systems and allows us to compensate as well as predict their behavior. Also, the work presents several different current and voltage references that could help in reducing the variability caused due to changes in temperature. These references are standard blocks in the Scilab/Xcos environment that could be easily compiled on the FPAA. An FG based current reference is then used for biasing a 12 × 1 Vector Matrix Multiplication (VMM) circuit and a second order G m − C bandpass filter to demonstrate the compilation and usage of these voltage/current reference in a reconfigurable fabric. The large scale FG FPAA presented here is fabricated in a 350 nm CMOS process.Keywords: circuits and system; temperature dependence; reference generator; FPAA Analog Processing and Temperature DependenceThe number of systems combining elements from within and among the emerging technologies of sensors, communications, and robotics grows every day. The computational abilities of these systems affect the overall system performance through various aspects (e.g., functionality, battery-life, foot-print, etc.). Traditionally most computational tasks have been performed in the digital domain, which can achieve high resolution computation at the cost of high power consumption [1]. For systems with a limited power budget, however, low-power, real-time computation techniques have been sought after. Accordingly, analog-signal-processing has been used extensively as an energy-efficient alternative to digital options [2][3][4].Recent mixed-mode large-scale Field-Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) enables advanced functionality for a wide spectrum of sensor applications [5]. These FPAAs combine the energy-efficiency, reconfigurability, and programmability of floating-gate-based analog signal processing with the precision and compatibility of digital, thereby a variety of analog circuitry implemented on FPAAs serve as building blocks of more complex signal processing functions [5].Many of the systems that can benefit from the computational power of an FPAA need to operate over a range of environments and temperatures. For instance, modern ubiquitous medical health assessment systems use physiologic signals collected from ambulatory subjects during daily outdoor

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“…The FGOTA based voltage reference has a temperature variability of 19.83 ppm/ • C whereas the two transistor based voltage reference achieves a precision of 305 ppm/ • C. FGOTA could also be used as an error amplifier in an LDO without having to generate a separate reference voltage [33]. All measurements were performed on the FPAA, which is powered using a microUSB.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation Of Computational Blocks For Array Based Systems And Crickets Using Temperature Variability Techniqiue

2018

IJRTER

0

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This paper investigates the variability of various circuits and systems over temperature and presents several methods to improve their performance over temperature. The work demonstrates use of large scale reconfigurable System-On-Chip (SOC) for reducing the variability of circuits and systems compiled on a Floating Gate (FG) based Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA). Temperature dependencies of circuits are modeled using an open-source simulator built in the Scilab/XCOS environment and the results are compared with measurement data obtained from the FPAA. This comparison gives further insight into the temperature dependence of various circuits and signal processing systems and allows us to compensate as well as predict their behavior. Also, the work presents several different current and voltage references that could help in reducing the variability caused due to changes in temperature. These references are standard blocks in the Scilab/Xcos environment that could be easily compiled on the FPAA. An FG based current reference is then used for biasing a 12 × 1 Vector Matrix Multiplication (VMM) circuit and a second order Gm − C bandpass filter to demonstrate the compilation and usage of these voltage/current reference in a reconfigurable fabric. The large scale FG FPAA presented here is fabricated in a 350 nm CMOS process.

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“…1. Temperature Compensation CAB: based on the work in [60], to provide temperature compensation for all FG current sources.…”

Section: Ramp Version 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programming of Floating-Gate Transistors for Nonvolatile Analog Memory Array

Abulaiha¹

0

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Programming of Floating-Gate Transistors for Nonvolatile Analog Memory Array Haifa Abulaiha Since they were introduced, floating-gate (FG) transistors have been used as non-volatile digital memory. Recent research has shown that floating-gate transistors can be successfully used as analog memory, specifically as programmable voltage and current sources. However, their proliferation has been limited due to the complex programming procedure and the complex testing equipment. Analog applications such as field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) require hundreds to thousands of floating-gate transistors on a single chip which makes the programming process even more complicated and very challenging. Therefore, a simplified, compact, and low-power scheme to program FGs are necessary. This work presents an improved version of the typical methodology for FG programming. Additionally, a novel programming methodology that utilizes negative voltages is presented here. This method simplifies the programming process by eliminating the use of supplementary and complicated infrastructure circuits, which makes the FG transistor a good candidate for low-power wireless sensor nodes and portable systems.First, I would like to sincerely thank my committee chair and advisor, Dr. David W Graham, for giving me this opportunity to work with him. This dissertation would not be possible without his guidance and support. I would also like to thank all my lab mates for their help and continuous support.

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Temperature compensation of floating-gate transistors in field-programmable analog arrays

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Models and Techniques for Temperature Robust Systems on a Reconfigurable Platform

Models and Techniques for Temperature Robust Systems on a Reconfigurable Platform

Implementation Of Computational Blocks For Array Based Systems And Crickets Using Temperature Variability Techniqiue

Programming of Floating-Gate Transistors for Nonvolatile Analog Memory Array

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