Temperature and wavelength dependent refractive index equations for MgO-doped congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3

Gayer, O.; Sacks, Zachary S.; Galun, Ehud; Arie, Ady

doi:10.1007/s00340-008-2998-2

Cited by 431 publications

(210 citation statements)

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“…[13], and the group-velocity dispersion coefficients k 00 1 ¼ 0.234 ps 2 =m and k 00 2 ¼ 0.714 ps 2 =m were evaluated using the Sellmeier equation for lithium niobate [38]. This also yielded the temporal walk-off coefficient Δk 0 ¼ 792 ps=m.…”

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confidence: 99%

Walk-Off-Induced Modulation Instability, Temporal Pattern Formation, and Frequency Comb Generation in Cavity-Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation

et al. 2016

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We derive a time-domain mean-field equation to model the full temporal and spectral dynamics of light in singly resonant cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation systems. We show that the temporal walkoff between the fundamental and the second-harmonic fields plays a decisive role under realistic conditions, giving rise to rich, previously unidentified nonlinear behavior. Through linear stability analysis and numerical simulations, we discover a new kind of quadratic modulation instability which leads to the formation of optical frequency combs and associated time-domain dissipative structures. Our numerical simulations show excellent agreement with recent experimental observations of frequency combs in quadratic nonlinear media [Phys. Rev. A 91, 063839 (2015)]. Thus, in addition to unveiling a new, experimentally accessible regime of nonlinear dynamics, our work enables predictive modeling of frequency comb generation in cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation systems. We expect our findings to have wide impact on the study of temporal and spectral dynamics in a diverse range of dispersive, quadratically nonlinear resonators. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.033901 The generation of frequency combs in high-Q microresonators has attracted significant attention over the last decade [1]. These combs originate from the third-order optical (Kerr) nonlinearity [2]: four-wave mixing drives modulation instability (MI), leading to the growth of signal and idler sidebands [3]. In the time domain, such "Kerr" combs can correspond to temporal dissipative patterns or localised structures-temporal cavity solitons [4][5][6].Certain microresonators exhibit a weak second-order χnonlinearity, which may lead to the intracavity conversion of the Kerr comb to shorter wavelengths [7,8]. But recent experiments in free-space resonators have remarkably demonstrated that frequency combs can also arise entirely through χ ð2Þ effects. On the one hand, it is known that cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG), subject to large phase mismatch, can give rise to an effective Kerr nonlinearity [9,10], and comb generation has indeed been observed under such conditions [11,12]. But on the other hand, frequency combs have recently been observed also for phase-matched cavity-enhanced SHG [13].In cavity-enhanced SHG, comb formation initiates from the spontaneous down-conversion of the second-harmonic field [13], a process widely investigated in the context of internally pumped optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) [14][15][16][17]. However, theoretical analyses have hitherto been limited to a very small number of frequency components: no models have been put forward that would allow for the full frequency comb dynamics to be examined. For quadratically nonlinear, spatially diffractive cavities, full models do exist, and their study has revealed numerous spatial phenomena whose temporal analogs would be associated with frequency combs, including pattern formation [17][18][19] and quadratic cavity solitons [20]. Unfortunately, insights obtained ...

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Walk-Off-Induced Modulation Instability, Temporal Pattern Formation, and Frequency Comb Generation in Cavity-Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation

et al. 2016

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“…The solid line in the figure shows the theoretical tuning curve calculated from Gayer et al's Sellmeier equation of the 5 mol. % MgO-doped congruent PPLN crystal [20]. The measurement wavelengths were compared with theoretical values, and it can be seen that the measured wavelengths were in good agreement with the theoretical curves.…”

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confidence: 60%

Efficient all-solid-state mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on resonantly pumped 1645 μm Er:YAG laser

et al. 2012

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We first report an all-solid-state tunable mid-infrared singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on a 1532 nm laser diode resonantly pumped, Q-switched 1.645 μm Er:YAG laser. An MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate was used as the nonlinear material. At the pulse repetition frequency of 2 KHz, a maximum overall average output power of 0.95 W with pump power of 2.8 W was achieved, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 34% and a slope efficiency of 38%. The temperature tuning was performed giving signal and idler ranges of 2.67 to 2.71 μm and 4.18 to 4.31 μm, respectively. © 2012 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.3070, 140.3580, 140.3600, 190.4970. Tunable laser sources operating in the 3 to 5 μm midinfrared waveband are of interest for a wide variety of applications, such as laser radar, sensing and monitoring environment, and mid-IR countermeasures [1,2]. Since the first actual optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a LiNbO 3 crystal was designed by Giordmaine and Miller in 1965 [3], the OPO through optical parametric conversion became one of the most important ways of getting tunable coherent light. Especially since the OPO using quasi-phase-matched technique was successfully demonstrated by Myers [4], it has become one of the most effective methods to get an ∼3-5 μm tunable laser where the conventional lasers perform poorly or are unavailable. In past decades, periodically poled LiNbO 3 (PPLN) has emerged as an excellent source of nonlinear frequency conversion. Using PPLN for QPM, various OPOs have been successfully demonstrated pumped by around 1 μm lasers and also achieved good results [5][6][7]. However, the pump-idler conversion efficiency was confined, not exceeding the quantum limit that is set by the Manley-Rowe relations. Alternatively, a few authors took insight in utilizing 2 μm lasers as the pump sources [8,9], in which the quantum conversion efficiency to mid-IR wavelengths is greater than with around 1 μm ones, but the conversion efficiency was still not greatly improved. Because the fluorescence linewidth of 2 μm laser crystals is rather broad [10,11], it is difficult to provide an ideal narrower linewidth 2 μm pump source for the OPO. To our knowledge, the highest conversion efficiency of the 2 μm pumping PPLN was 31% so far [12]. Additionally, 2 μm laser sources employed in the OPO systems were usually pumped by around a 790 nm laser diode (LD); hence the quantum conversion efficiency for the whole OPO systems are considerable limited. Recently, a few mid-IR OPOs pumped by erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) [13][14][15] or EDFL-pumped Er:YAG lasers [16] have been developed with quasi-phase matching. These methods provided a new pump source for the mid-IR OPOs, while the fiber laser itself adds complexity and volume to an OPO system. The quantum conversion efficiency for the whole system is also limited by the 980 nm LD used as the pump source of EDFL. The mid-IR OPOs based on 1.5 μm LD resonantly pumped Er:YAG laser have relatively high quantum conversi...

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“…A smoother and slower domain wall motion, which could be beneficial for reaching this goal, might be achievable by using higher crystal temperatures during EFP [15] or by conditioning the crystal by subjecting it to repetitive poling cycles prior to UV irradiation and the final poling steps [13,16] and 268°C, when using the temperature dependent Sellmeier equation from Ref [17], which is in good agreement with the chosen temperatures. The spectral bandwidth of the curves is ~1.25 nm, which is close to the expected theoretical spectral bandwidth of 8 ~1.2 nm.…”

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confidence: 65%

Ultraviolet laser-induced poling inhibition produces bulk domains in MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals

Boes

Steigerwald

Yudistira

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Abstract:We report the realization of high-resolution bulk domains achieved using a shallow, ferroelectric, domain inverted surface template obtained by UV laser-induced poling inhibition (PI) in MgO-doped lithium niobate. The properties of the obtained bulk domains are compared to those of the template and their application for second harmonic generation is demonstrated. The present method enables domain structures with a period length as small as 3 µm to be achieved. Furthermore, we propose a potential physical mechanism that leads to the transformation of the surface template into bulk domains.

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Temperature and wavelength dependent refractive index equations for MgO-doped congruent and stoichiometric LiNbO3

Cited by 431 publications

References 12 publications

Walk-Off-Induced Modulation Instability, Temporal Pattern Formation, and Frequency Comb Generation in Cavity-Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation

Walk-Off-Induced Modulation Instability, Temporal Pattern Formation, and Frequency Comb Generation in Cavity-Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation

Efficient all-solid-state mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on resonantly pumped 1645 μm Er:YAG laser

Ultraviolet laser-induced poling inhibition produces bulk domains in MgO-doped lithium niobate crystals

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