Temperature and pH dual-responsive cross-linked polymeric nanocapsules with controllable structures via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization from templates
“…28,29 Besides single stimuli-responsive ones, dual-responsive nanomaterials such as having temperature and pH stimuli were also reported in the literature. [30][31][32][33] Temperature sensitivity is the other mostly studied external stimuli. The most extensively investigated material which shows thermal sensitivity is poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, low pH in tumor cells is a good trigger for drug release from pH‐sensitive nanocapsules . Besides single stimuli–responsive ones, dual‐responsive nanomaterials such as having temperature and pH stimuli were also reported in the literature …”
Smart materials have been attracting much attention because of their stimuli responsive nature. We have synthesized biocompatible thermoresponsive crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA)-co-vinyl pyrrolidone nanoparticles (PEGMA NPs) using disulfide-based crosslinker by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method. Particle characterization studies were carried out by dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. Polymerization kinetics, effect of crosslinker and initiator concentrations on both average hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index were investigated. Hydrodynamic diameters of thermoresponsive PEGMA NPs were decreased from 210 nm to 90 nm upon heating over the lowest critical solution temperature (LCST). Disulfide crosslinked PEGMA NPs were demonstrated as a dual delivery system. Rhodamine B, a model of small-sized drug molecule, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-alizarin yellow, a model of large drug molecule, were loaded into PEGMA NPs where LCST of these NPs was tuned to 37°C, the body temperature. The rhodamine B was released from PEGMA NPs upon heating to 39°C. Then, PEG-alizarin content was released by subsequent degradation of nanoparticles using dithiothreitol (DTT), which reduces disulfide bonds to thiols. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies of PEGMA NPs were carried out in 3T3 cells, which resulted in no toxic effect on the cells.
“…28,29 Besides single stimuli-responsive ones, dual-responsive nanomaterials such as having temperature and pH stimuli were also reported in the literature. [30][31][32][33] Temperature sensitivity is the other mostly studied external stimuli. The most extensively investigated material which shows thermal sensitivity is poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPAM).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, low pH in tumor cells is a good trigger for drug release from pH‐sensitive nanocapsules . Besides single stimuli–responsive ones, dual‐responsive nanomaterials such as having temperature and pH stimuli were also reported in the literature …”
Smart materials have been attracting much attention because of their stimuli responsive nature. We have synthesized biocompatible thermoresponsive crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA)-co-vinyl pyrrolidone nanoparticles (PEGMA NPs) using disulfide-based crosslinker by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method. Particle characterization studies were carried out by dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. Polymerization kinetics, effect of crosslinker and initiator concentrations on both average hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index were investigated. Hydrodynamic diameters of thermoresponsive PEGMA NPs were decreased from 210 nm to 90 nm upon heating over the lowest critical solution temperature (LCST). Disulfide crosslinked PEGMA NPs were demonstrated as a dual delivery system. Rhodamine B, a model of small-sized drug molecule, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-alizarin yellow, a model of large drug molecule, were loaded into PEGMA NPs where LCST of these NPs was tuned to 37°C, the body temperature. The rhodamine B was released from PEGMA NPs upon heating to 39°C. Then, PEG-alizarin content was released by subsequent degradation of nanoparticles using dithiothreitol (DTT), which reduces disulfide bonds to thiols. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies of PEGMA NPs were carried out in 3T3 cells, which resulted in no toxic effect on the cells.
“…[2][3][4] To make the load and release of substances from the resultant hollow spheres controllable, it is desirable to develop further so called "smart" nanocapsules, which can switch their structure reversibly from a closed to an open state with the help of external stimuli such as temperature, pH, pressure, ionic strength, magnetic eld, light, ultrasound and enzymes among others. [5][6][7][8] Special attention is paid to nanocapsules based on temperature-sensitive polymers, which have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) near the physiological one, because of their potential use as controlled drug delivery systems. Although in most of the published reports, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has been used as a thermoresponsive polymer, [9][10][11] the use of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) is a better alternative due to its biocompatibility.…”
Thermo-responsive and biocompatible cross-linked nanocapsules were synthesized through dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB) vesicle templating. Due to their properties, they can be considered as promising nanocarriers in controlled drug delivery.
“…10), by changing the preparation conditions (Table 1), the inner diameter, the crosslinking degree and the thickness of the shells, the length of the functional brushes could be controlled by adjusting the preparation conditions as follows: 1) the inner diameter of the nanocapsules could be controlled by changing the size of the original silica templates and the crosslinking degree of the crosslinked polymer shells; 2) the shell thickness and the crosslinking degree of the nanocapsules could be controlled by changing the crosslinking-copolymerization conditions; and 3) the chain length and the content of polymer brushes could be controlled by changing the first step SI-ATRP polymerizing conditions [77].…”
Combination of the advantages of the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and template-based techniques, the SI-ATRP from colloidal templates approach could be applied to fabricate the controllable-structured polymeric nanocapsules. The different crosslinking techniques, such as chemical crosslinking, ultraviolet (UV)-induced photo-crosslinking, and one-pot surface-initiated atom transfer radical crosslinking copolymerization (SI-ATRCP), for the controllable-structured crosslinked polymeric nanocapsules based on the SI-ATRP from colloidal templates strategy were reviewed. The controlling and tailoring on the size, crosslinking degree, and the surface properties of the polymeric nanocapsules was emphasized. And the stimuli-responsive properties and application in controlled release were also mentioned.
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