Temperature and Heat Flux

Kowalewski, Tomasz; Ligrani, Phillip M.; Dreizler, Andreas; Schulz, Christof; Fey, Uwe

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30299-5_7

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Figure 15 presents visualization of natural convection in water close to the freezing point, using a hot (left) wall at a temperature of 10˚C and a right wall at a temperature of 0˚C for (a) and (b), −10˚C for (c). Three types of liq- uid-crystal tracers were used to indicate the temperature variation: 1) encapsulated TLCs BM100/R6C12W showing details of flow and temperature for normal circulation (on the left); sum of 10 images taken every 1 s; 2) TLC mixture (TM445 and TM912) active at lower temperatures, visualizing the complex structure of abnormal circulation; sum of 20 images; 3) TLC mixture with a composition matched to the freezing point [21].…”

Section: Natural Convection In a Closed Cavity-selected Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography in Selected Technical and Medical Applications—Recent Development

Stąsiek¹,

Jewartowski²,

Kowalewski³

2014

JCPT

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Thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC) and true-colour digital image processing have been successfully used in non-intrusive technical, industrial and biomedical studies and applications. Thin coatings of TLC at surfaces are utilized to obtain detailed temperature distributions and heat transfer rates for steady or transient processes. Liquid crystals also can be used to make the temperature and velocity fields in liquids visible by the simple expedient of directly mixing the liquid crystal material into the liquid (water, glycerol, glycol, and silicone oils) in very small quantities to use as thermal and hydrodynamic tracers. In biomedical situations, e.g., skin diseases, breast cancer, blood circulation and other medical application, TLC and image processing are successfully used as an additional non-invasive diagnostic method especially useful for screening large groups of potential patients. The history of this technique is reviewed, principal methods and tools are described and some examples are presented. Also steady-state and transient liquid crystal thermography (LCT) is used to measure local heat transfer on a plate equipped with transverse vortex generators. Automated evaluation allows determining the heat transfer coefficient without arbitrary influence of human interpretation.

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Section: Natural Convection In a Closed Cavity-selected Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography in Selected Technical and Medical Applications—Recent Development

Stąsiek¹,

Jewartowski²,

Kowalewski³

2014

JCPT

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“…Thermochromic liquid crystals (TLCs) and thermographic phosphors: TLCs reflect different colours of incident light depending on the local temperature. However, as discussed by Kowalewski et al [17] they may have limited measurable temperature range (narrowband TLCs, eg. 4K) or may be inaccurate (broadband TLCs).…”

Section: Measurement Of Convective Heat Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Radially resolved measurement of stator heat transfer in a rotor–stator disc system

Howey

Holmes

Pullen

2010

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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This paper describes a new experimental method for measuring stator heat transfer in a rotor-stator disc system using an electrical heater array. The system is partially blocked at the periphery, with radial outflow of rotor-pumped air from an inlet at stator centre. The aim is to improve thermal performance prediction for air-cooled disc type electrical machines. Local Nusselt numbers were measured for 0.6 < r R < 1 at three non-dimensional gap ratios G = g R = (0.0106, 0.0212, 0.0297) and rotational Reynolds numbers 3.7e4 ≤ Re θ ≤ 5.6e5. Transition at the stator is observed to occur at Re θ > 3e5 for all gap ratios. Increased Nusselt numbers at the periphery are observed for all Re θ and G because of the ingress of ambient air along the stator due to the rotor pumping effect.

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“…Agric. v.75, n.3, p.173-183, May/June 2018 2018 Vidal et al, 2008) are non-destructive techniques (Kowalewski et al, 2007). Thermographic images provide a temperature mapping of any surface of interest, while infrared thermometers measure temperature at a specific point.…”

Section: Data Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of computational fluid dynamics on a study in swine facilities with mechanical ventilation system

Sousa

Sabino

Moura

et al. 2018

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Ventilation systems used in swine facilities deserve to be studied because they directly affect productivity in the pig farming sector. Bearing this in mind the uniformity of air distribution and temperature is essential to animal welfare in this breeding environment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify whether changes in air entrances and exhaust fan positioning could influence air velocity and temperature distribution. The experimental data were collected in a commercial full-scale sow facility. Validation was carried out by comparing the simulated air temperatures and data measured in the field. These results showed agreement between data with a maximum relative error of approximately 3 %. The real settings showed a gradual increase in the air velocity from the air entrances and dead zones due to the change in airflow direction. There was no difference when the positioning of the exhaust fans was altered or was maintained in the original air entrances. The proposed arrangement with only one air inlet reduced the areas of low air movement as a consequence of the change in flow direction. Furthermore, the variables have the same pattern along the transversal plane. The simulations showed that the position of the air inlets had a higher influence on temperature distribution.

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Temperature and Heat Flux

Cited by 13 publications

References 162 publications

The Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography in Selected Technical and Medical Applications—Recent Development

The Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography in Selected Technical and Medical Applications—Recent Development

Radially resolved measurement of stator heat transfer in a rotor–stator disc system

Application of computational fluid dynamics on a study in swine facilities with mechanical ventilation system

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