Temperature Affects the Germination of Forage Legume Seeds

Butler, Twain J.; Çelen, Ahmet; Webb, Stephen L.; Krstić, Đorđe; Interrante, Sindy M.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2014.01.0063

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…At the same time, the lowest germination percentage occurred in seeds exposed to the highest temperature (45 ± 2 • C), and was significantly lower than that of the lowest temperature tested in this study (5 ± 2 • C). This occurs because, according to Butler et al [44] very high temperatures (>40 • C) can affect the metabolic processes of the seeds and even damage them, halting embryonic growth, which can inactivate and kill them.…”

Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Time and Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Cedrela odorata L.

Sampayo-Maldonado¹,

Ordoñez‐Salanueva²,

Mattana

et al. 2019

Forests

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Thermal time models are useful to determine the thermal and temporal requirements for seed germination. This information may be used as a criterion for species distribution in projected scenarios of climate change, especially in threatened species like red cedar. The objectives of this work were to determine the cardinal temperatures and thermal time for seeds of Cedrela odorata and to predict the effect of increasing temperature in two scenarios of climate change. Seeds were placed in germination chambers at constant temperatures ranging from 5 ± 2 to 45 ± 2 °C. Germination rate was analyzed in order to calculate cardinal temperatures and thermal time. The time required for germination of 50% of population was estimated for the current climate, as well as under the A2 and B2 scenarios for the year 2050. The results showed that base, optimal and maximal temperatures were −0.5 ± 0.09, 38 ± 1.6 and 53.3 ± 2.1 °C, respectively. Thermal time (θ1(50)) was 132.74 ± 2.60 °Cd, which in the current climate scenario accumulates after 5.5 days. Under the A2 scenario using the English model, this time is shortened to 4.5 days, while under scenario B2, the time is only 10 hours shorter than the current scenario. Under the German model, the accumulation of thermal time occurs 10 and 6.5 hours sooner than in the current climate under the A2 and B2 models, respectively. The seeds showed a wide range of temperatures for germination, and according to the climate change scenarios, the thermal time accumulates over a shorter period, accelerating the germination of seeds in the understory. This is the first report of a threshold model for C. odorata, one of the most important forest species in tropical environments.

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Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Time and Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Cedrela odorata L.

Sampayo-Maldonado¹,

Ordoñez‐Salanueva²,

Mattana

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Using a previously described procedure, four replications of 100 seed of Asgrow AG5332, Progeny P5333RY, and the 10 F1 lines developed during experiment 1 were exposed to six levels of osmotic stress including 0.0, −0.1, −0.3, −0.5, −0.7, −0.9 [29]. The incubator was set at 25°C, which was the reported optimum temperature for the germination of soybean seed [30]. The plastic trays were vertically stacked inside the incubator and rearranged every 4 h to minimize the potential of small temperature fluctuations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress

Wijewardana

Reddy

Krutz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked 1 to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress 2 3 Abstract 18 Effects of environmental stressors on the parent may be transmitted to the F1 generation of 19 plants that support global food, oil, and energy production for humans and animals. This study 20 was conducted to determine if the effects of drought stress on parental soybean plants are 21 transmitted to the F1 generation. The germination and seedling vigor of F1 soybean whose 22 maternal parents, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P5333RY, were exposed to soil moisture stress, 23 that is, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% replacement of evapotranspiration (ET) during reproductive 24 growth, were evaluated under controlled conditions. Pooled over cultivars, effects of soil 25 moisture stress on the parents caused a reduction in the seed germination rate, maximum seed 26 germination, and overall seedling performance in the F1 generation. The effect of soil moisture 27 stress on the parent induced an irreversible change in the seed quality in the F1 generation and 28 the effects on seed quality in the F1 generation were exasperated when exposed to increasing 29 levels of drought stress. Results indicate that seed weight and storage reserve are key factors 30 influencing germination traits and seedling growth. Our data confirm that the effects of drought 31 stress on soybean are transferable, causing reduced germination, seedling vigor, and seed quality 32 in the F1 generation. 33 34 35Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a globally important annual crop, and one of the major 36 export commodities providing oil and protein for both human and animal food. It is the second 37 most planted field crop in the U.S. next to corn [1] and accounts for about 90% of U.S. oilseed 38 production. Hence, soybean production provides a substantial input to the economic structure of 39 the United States. 40 Soil moisture stress causes extensive losses to soybean production annually, and losses 41 due to drought stress are projected to increase due to climate change. Climate change models 42 indicate that historical precipitation patterns will change, and drought stress will become more 43 severe in soybean growing regions in the United States [2]. As soil moisture stress episodes are 44 remarkably aggravated, in recent years, greater importance has been directed to research on the 45 unfavorable effects of soil moisture stress on soybean crop performance and yield. 46It is well known that variations in environmental conditions such as photoperiod, water, 47 nutrient status, and solar radiation can have an effect on plant growth and development [3]; 48 however, we now understand that some effects of environmental stressors are transmittable and 49 have fitness and phenotype costs on the F1 generation [4,5,6]. For instance, Nosalewicz et al. [7] 50 reported that exposing barley (Hordeum vulgare (L.)) to drought stress during reproductive 51 stages decreased the shoot: root ratio...

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“…(Gresta et al, 2011), guar showed a much lower degree of hard seed, but a clearly higher threshold temperature for seed germination. Furthermore, compared to soybean and other warm-season legumes, guar exhibited a higher germination temperature; indeed, with respect to guar, some varieties of soybean were able to germinate at lower temperatures (10°C and 15°C), reaching up 54-62% germination at 10°C (Brar et al, 1991;Butler et al, 2014). On seven annual warm-season and eleven annual cool-season legumes, Butler et al (2014) found that germination of warm-season legumes tended to be maximized at 25°C, while the germination of cool-season legume was greatest from 10 to 25°C.…”

Section: Germination At Two Alternating Temperature Regimes (15/10 Anmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, compared to soybean and other warm-season legumes, guar exhibited a higher germination temperature; indeed, with respect to guar, some varieties of soybean were able to germinate at lower temperatures (10°C and 15°C), reaching up 54-62% germination at 10°C (Brar et al, 1991;Butler et al, 2014). On seven annual warm-season and eleven annual cool-season legumes, Butler et al (2014) found that germination of warm-season legumes tended to be maximized at 25°C, while the germination of cool-season legume was greatest from 10 to 25°C. The optimal temperature for both germination and seedling growth are adaptive traits to the environment of origin of the species (Motsa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Germination At Two Alternating Temperature Regimes (15/10 Anmentioning

confidence: 95%

Germination of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes with reduced temperature requirements

Gresta¹,

Cristaudo²,

Trostle³

et al. 2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) is an annual legume with a long crop cycle and high temperature threshold for seed germination (20-21°C). In semi-arid Mediterranean areas, inadequate soil warmth delays guar planting to May/early June and harvest to October-November, when high rainfall hinders seed maturation and lowers gum quality. Nine world guar genotypes (from India, Pakistan, USA, South Africa) were tested for germination capability and speed in response to temperature. All source seeds were field grown in Sicily for use in germination assays. The following temperature regimes were imposed adopting a completely randomized design: A) seven constant temperatures from 5°C to 35°C (5°C increments), and B) two alternating temperatures of 15/10°C and 20/15°C (6h/18h thermoperiod), each consisting of four replicates of 25 seeds. Optimal germination temperatures were always 30 and 35°C, but Indian genotypes also demonstrated substantial germination percentages (33-43%) at constant temperatures as low as 15°C. Mean germination time (MGT) of genotypes India2, Kinman, Lewis, and Monument were 1.1 to 1.7 days at 30 and 35°C. At lower temperatures (15°C), the germination percentage and MGT improved significantly when the seeds were exposed at 20°C for 6 hours a day. In particular, Kinman, India2 and Monument gave good results, achieving 80%, 76% and 66% germination, respectively, with MGTs of 5 days. This alternating temperature regime is typical in soil during the Mediterranean spring. Results may be useful both for farmers to identify optimum timing for guar sowing, and for breeders to cross genotypes that tolerate low germination temperatures with high yielding genotypes.

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Temperature Affects the Germination of Forage Legume Seeds

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Thermal Time and Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Cedrela odorata L.

Thermal Time and Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Cedrela odorata L.

Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress

Germination of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes with reduced temperature requirements

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