Temperature affected transmission, symptom development and accumulation of Wheat dwarf virus

Abstract

One of the biotic agents of yellowing and stunting in wheat and barley cultivations is Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) which is naturally transmitted by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus (Dahlbom). WDV-Wheat and WDV-Barley isolates of WDV were transmitted to wheat and barley, respectively, using the leafhoppers under four temperature regimes of constant 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. Infection rate, symptom development and virus content of the virus-inoculated plants were determined and the data was statistically analysed. The results showed that the temperature of 25°C was associated with the highest infection rate caused by the viruses. Moreover, P. alienus nymphs were found to be more efficient vectors of WDV than adults, highlighting the importance of nymphs in the epidemiology of wheat dwarf disease. WDV-infected plants incubated at 35°C showed less symptoms than those kept at 20, 25, and 30°C. ELISA results showed that these plants had comparatively low virus content. However, there was no significant difference between the infection rate, symptom development and virus content in plants infected by WDV-Wheat or WDV-Barley.

RNA silencing of South African cassava mosaic virus in transgenic cassava expressing AC1/AC4 hp- RNA induces tolerance

“…Additionally, with regards to the most efficient strategy of inducing antiviral RNA silencing in cassava, are considerations with respect to the environment in which RNA silencing operates. Temperature has been shown to influence geminivirus-induced RNA silencing in plants [18,95]. For example, African cassava mosaic virus-induced silencing increased by elevating the temperature from 25oC to 30oC [18].…”

The Past, Present, and Future of Wheat Dwarf Virus Management—A Review

“…Thus, this antagonistic interaction between aphids and leafhoppers, commonly found together in cereal fields, indirectly promotes the efficient spread of WDV [198]. Within an experimental approach, the highest infection rates were observed at temperatures of 25 • C. At higher temperatures, leafhoppers tended to settle on the ground, resulting in lower feeding rates and, thus, a decrease in transmission rates [201].…”

“…Freezing temperatures of −5 • C leads to induced death of animals [12,198]. Temperatures above 35 • C have been associated with increased mortality [201]. In contrast, activity and population size of P. alienus increase significantly above a temperature of 15 • C. Thus, a very mild fall therefore leads to very active leafhoppers associated with increased WDV infection rates in the following summer [202].…”