Temperamental and character profiles of preschool children with ODD, ADHD, and anxiety disorders

Melegari, Maria Grazia; Nanni, Valentina; Lucidi, Fabio; Russo, Paolo Maria; Donfrancesco, Renato; Cloninger, C. Robert

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.01.001

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Comparable associations could be shown by previous studies which investigated the influence of difficult temperament in preschool-aged children with high levels of internalizing and externalizing problems [29, 65]. Findings of the present study suggest that an early identification of a difficult temperament can serve as an indicator of subsequent MHPs in preschool-aged children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Looking at early childhood precursors of subsequent MHPs, children’s difficult temperamental characteristics have been posited as a moderate and consistent risk factor in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies [28, 29]. Temperament is described as relatively persistent over time and is able to predict emotional and behavioural responses of children based on inherent differences in reactivity and self-regulation [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk and protective factors for mental health problems in preschool-aged children: cross-sectional results of the BELLA preschool study

Wlodarczyk

Pawils

Kriston

et al. 2017

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundMental health problems (MHPs) in preschoolers are precursors of mental disorders which have shown to be associated with suffering, functional impairment, exposure to stigma and discrimination, as well as enhanced risk of premature death. A better understanding of factors associated with MHPs in preschoolers can facilitate early identification of children at risk and inform prevention programs. This cross-sectional study investigated the association of risk and protective factors with MHPs within a German representative community sample.MethodsMHPs were assessed in a sample of 391 preschoolers aged 3–6 years using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The effects of parental MHPs, children’s temperament, parental socioeconomic status (SES), social support and perceived self-competence on MHPs were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsOverall, 18.2% of preschoolers were classified as ‘borderline or abnormal’ on the total difficulties score of the SDQ. Bivariate analyses showed that parental MHPs, children’s difficult temperament, and parental low SES increased the likelihood, whereas high perceived parental competence decreased the likelihood of preschool MHPs. In the multivariate analyses, only difficult child temperament remained significantly associated with preschool MHPs when other variables were controlled.ConclusionsThe results underline the importance of children’s difficult temperamental characteristics as a risk factor for mental health in preschoolers and suggest that these may also be an appropriate target for prevention of preschool MHPs. More research on specific aspects of preschool children’s temperament, the socioeconomic environment and longitudinal studies on the effects of these in the development of preschool MHPs is needed.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13034-017-0149-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and protective factors for mental health problems in preschool-aged children: cross-sectional results of the BELLA preschool study

Wlodarczyk

Pawils

Kriston

et al. 2017

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some participants might have had comorbid disorders (e.g., anxiety disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactive disorder) other than the excluded psychiatric diseases. Recent studies have investigated anxiety and different symptoms and disorders other than depression (Melegari et al ., ; Schellekens et al ., ). These comorbid disorders or symptoms, which were not understood, could have affected the results of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions after paroxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder

Tomita

Kaneda

Nakagami

et al. 2015

Human Psychopharmacology

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Previous studies have reported changes in the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) after patients with major depressive disorder are treated. We aimed to investigate the changes in the TCI dimensions after paroxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study and were treated with 10-40 mg/day of paroxetine for 6 weeks. The TCI was completed twice, at weeks 0 and 6. We used the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) to evaluate patients. The participants were divided into three groups (responders, non-responders, and early responders) based on treatment response. The scores of each dimension of the TCI were compared before and after treatment using repeated-measures two-way analyses of variance. In the responders group (n = 24), no TCI dimension scores changed significantly during treatment, but the interaction between sex and MADRS score change was significantly associated with the results. In the non-responders group (n = 15), the self-directedness score increased significantly during the treatment period (p = 0.000), and the change in MADRS score significantly affected the results. In the early responders group (n = 9), no TCI dimension scores changed significantly during treatment. The results of the present study may reveal a possible correlation between paroxetine treatment and changes in personality traits.

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“…Two studies have reported contradictory results. Drechsler et al (15) found support for low Cooperativeness being related to ODD/CD (15), whereas Melegari et al (16) reported that similarities and differences between children with ADHD or ODD was solely found within temperament dimensions (16). On the other hand, a study of 188 Russian male juvenile delinquents found that Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness were negatively correlated with amount of psychological symptoms and levels of AABs (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAntisocial personality and psychopathic traits have constantly been found to accompany criminal and aggressive behaviors, but little attention has been given to aspects of character maturity and its relation to such behaviors. The present study investigated (1) whether level of character maturity (low, medium, and high) is associated with amount of aggressive antisocial behaviors (AABs) and psychopathic traits in young men imprisoned for violent criminality, and (2) whether such an association is independent of coexisting attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsSwedish males (N = 270, aged 18–25) sentenced to prison for violent and/or sexual criminality in the western region of the Swedish Prison and Probation Service underwent a thorough clinical examination during their incarceration. Data on character maturity, as measured by the character dimensions Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness of the Temperament and Character Inventory, were available for n = 148 subjects and were used to divide these offenders into three groups with low, medium, and high character maturity. These groups were then compared for variables reflecting criminal history, a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD), aggressive behaviors, and psychopathic traits.ResultsCharacter maturity was consistently associated with less AABs and psychopathic personality traits; the group with the highest character maturity showed: (i) a later age at onset of criminality, (ii) a smaller number of prior violent criminal acts, (iii) lower prevalence of ADHD, CD, and SUD, (iv) less self-rated and expert-rated aggressive behaviors, and (v) less psychopathic traits. The association between character maturity and aggressive behaviors/psychopathic personality traits remained even when ADHD was controlled for. The only exception was sexual criminality, where the group with the highest character maturity contained the largest amount of sexual offenders.ConclusionHigher character maturity appeared to be a protective factor among young male violent offenders, associated with less AABs, suggesting that character maturity is a promising target for treatment interventions for this group of individuals.

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Temperamental and character profiles of preschool children with ODD, ADHD, and anxiety disorders

Cited by 40 publications

References 59 publications

Risk and protective factors for mental health problems in preschool-aged children: cross-sectional results of the BELLA preschool study

Risk and protective factors for mental health problems in preschool-aged children: cross-sectional results of the BELLA preschool study

Changes in the Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions after paroxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder

Aggressive Antisocial Behaviors Are Related to Character Maturity in Young Swedish Violent Offenders Independent of ADHD

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