TEM study of geogas-transported nanoparticles from the Fankou lead–zinc deposit, Guangdong Province, South China

Sulfur-containing particles emitted by concealed sulfide ore deposits: an unknown source of sulfur-containing particles in the atmosphere

“…Moreover, sulfate aerosols can directly affect the climate (Graf et al, 1998). In our previous work, particles carried by an ascending geogas flow in the soil (Holub et al, 1999(Holub et al, , 2001Cao et al, 2009Cao et al, , 2010bCao et al, , 2011Liu et al, 2011;Wei et al, 2013;Hu et al, 2015) were studied and found to contain sulfur. Further research showed that sulfur-containing particles carried by ascending geogas flows can be transported through the soil layers and into the atmosphere.…”

TEM observations of particles based on sampling in gas and soil at the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

“…The samples were collected along the prospecting line every 50 m such that 42 samples were collected. Our sampling device has been improved on the basis of previous work (Cao et al, , 2010bKristiansson et al, 1990;Malmqvist et al, 1999;Wei et al, 2013). The sampling device (Fig.…”

“…2) consists of a simple plastic funnel, a carbon-coated nickel TEM grid, a plastic film, two nylon nets, a plastic cup, a silica gel plug, a hard plastic tube and a small plastic tube. This sampling method is similar to that of Wei et al (2013), except that a silica gel plug is placed inside the small opening of the funnel, and a small plastic tube with a TEM grid fixed by two nylon nets is placed into the silica gel plug to improve the adsorption rate.…”

“…Most of the particles ranged from 100 nm to 200 nm in size, so that they were small enough to be adsorbed easily by micro-bubbles in the ascending gas flow. In addition, these particles have excellent absorptivity because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and because their surfaces are generally charged (Wei et al, 2013), so they could be carried and transported more easily by the ascending gas flow because of the mutual adsorption with micro-bubbles. These observations have been confirmed by the results of previous studies (Cao et al, , 2010bEtiope and Lombardi, 1996;Malmqvist et al, 1999;Tong et al, 1998;Wang et al, 1997;Wei et al, 2013;Xie et al, 1999;Zhou et al, 2003).…”

“…In addition, these particles have excellent absorptivity because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and because their surfaces are generally charged (Wei et al, 2013), so they could be carried and transported more easily by the ascending gas flow because of the mutual adsorption with micro-bubbles. These observations have been confirmed by the results of previous studies (Cao et al, , 2010bEtiope and Lombardi, 1996;Malmqvist et al, 1999;Tong et al, 1998;Wang et al, 1997;Wei et al, 2013;Xie et al, 1999;Zhou et al, 2003). The solid substances from the concealed ore bodies or other geological bodies can be carried and transported to the earth's surface by ascending gas flows from soil gas, atmosphere pumps, mineral weathering, organic decomposition and mantle degassing (Cameron et al, 2004;Etiope and Martinelli, 2002;Malmqvist and Kristiansson, 1984;Wang et al, 2007).…”