TEM observations of particles based on sampling in gas and soil at the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Luo, Song-ying; Cao, Jianjin; Yan, Hongbin; Yi, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.007

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Since Kristiansson and Malmqvist proposed the existence of naturally occurring gas ascending from the Earth's interior (Kristiansson & Malmqvist, , , ), researchers have confirmed ascending gas occurring in many places (e.g., Cao, ; Cao, Hu, et al, ; Cao, Hu, Liang, & Peng, ; Cao, Li, Jiang, & Hu, ; Cao, Liu, Xiong, & Qin, ; Etiope & Ciccioli, ; Luo, Cao, Yan, & Yi, ; Malmqvist, Kristiansson, & Kristiansson, ; Wang, Cao, Lin, & Wu, ), especially in seismically active regions (Italiano, D'Alessandro, & Martelli, ; Toutain & Baubron, ). As active faults have high permeability and porosity and can thus act as channels for ascending gas (Etiope, ; Mörner & Etiope, ; Toutain & Baubron, ), ascending gas can move rapidly in dry media (Etiope & Lombardi, , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, there are many ore‐forming elements (e.g., S, Cl, Cr, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pt, and Pb) that have been found in particulates caused by the earthquake, indicating that earthquakes can activate ore‐forming elements and cause them to migrate from deep to shallow soil. In addition, ore‐bearing particulates have been found in many deposits (e.g., Cao et al, ; Cheng, Cao, Li, Hu, & Yi, ; Dai, Cao, Lai, & Wu, ; Hu, Cao, Hopke, & Holub, ; Hu, Cao, & Jiang, ; Hu, Cao, Jiang, Wang, & Yi, ; Li, Cao, Ke, Liu, & Wei, ; Luo et al, ; Mi, Cao, Wu, & Wang, ; Wang et al, ). Therefore, although we cannot demonstrate that the ore‐bearing particulates ultimately form ore deposits, they may be an important component of ore deposits, which are formed during an earthquake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selected-area electron diffraction image shows that this particulate is polycrystalline (Figure 5b). (Kristiansson & Malmqvist, 1980, 1982, 1987, researchers have confirmed ascending gas occurring in many places (e.g., Cao, 2013;Cao, Hu, et al, 2010;Cao, Hu, Liang, & Peng, 2009;Cao, Li, Jiang, & Hu, 2015;Cao, Liu, Xiong, & Qin, 2010;Etiope & Ciccioli, 2009;Luo, Cao, Yan, & Yi, 2015;Malmqvist, Kristiansson, & Kristiansson, 1999;Wang, Cao, Lin, & Wu, 2016), especially in seismically active regions (Italiano, D'Alessandro, & Martelli, 2007;Toutain & Baubron, 1999 & Baubron, 1999), ascending gas can move rapidly in dry media (Etiope & Lombardi, 1995. Previous studies have found many chemical contents of ascending gas in seismically active regions.…”

Section: The Composition and Crystal Form Of Particulates In Ascendmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Particulates in the ascending gas caused by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake: A new matter released by earthquake

Cao

Luo

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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Earthquakes can be destructive, killing many people and causing great financial loss. Costs from earthquakes are increasing rapidly, and thus seismic research is an important tool for reducing loss. Traditional studies of earthquakes have mainly been based on geophysics (seismic waves, geomagnetism, and geoelectricity), hydrogeology, and geogas. However, earthquakes can also release numerous particulates, which can be carried by ascending gas to reach the surface. These particulates provide us with abundant and direct information about earthquake activity and can serve as a new medium for studying earthquakes. In this study, we first find, using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), that ascending gas in the soil of the 2013 Ya'an earthquake region carries many particulates. These particulates are usually 20–600 nm and are composed of amorphous crystal, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline structures. In addition, these particulates contain O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Zn, Ba, Hg, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Pt, and Pb. Compared to the background areas (Yuhe and Hongzi Village and the Fengguanshan inactive fault), particulates carried by ascending gas in the Ya'an earthquake region have many abnormal elements (element associations), including Ti, Mn, Ni, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pt, and Pb. This finding confirms our hypothesis that earthquakes can release particulates carried by ascending gas that reach the surface. In addition, the elements occurring in these particulates indicate that earthquakes can trigger element activation and migration in the form of particulates. As particulates carried by ascending gas in the earthquake region are significantly different from those in the background areas, they can be used to predict earthquakes. The particulates in our study are significantly different from particulates carried by ascending gas from ruptures caused by the Wenchuan earthquake; therefore, we first propose that particulates in ascending gas from earthquake regions may exhibit a close relationship with the magnitudes and hypocentre depths of earthquakes and can be used to predict earthquakes with larger magnitudes and deeper hypocentre depths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Composition and Crystal Form Of Particulates In Ascendmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Particulates in the ascending gas caused by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake: A new matter released by earthquake

Cao

Luo

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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“…It was also demonstrated that metal‐bearing particles can transfer upwards through ascending gas flow and ground water (Cao et al, , ; Cao, ; Hu et al, ; Li et al, ). Luo et al () has demonstrated that there were many metal‐bearing particles preserved in the soil above the orebodies. Besides, through a detailed comparison of particles in ascending gas flow samples and soil samples, particles from the two media were both supposed to originate directly from the deep concealed orebodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, some studies have found that metal‐bearing particles captured from various media in the surface area of concealed deposits, such as ground soils, ascending gas flows, fault gouges and ground water, can reflect the chemical composition of a concealed orebody and subsequently be used for prospecting deep concealed deposits (Cao et al, , , ; Wei et al, ; Hu et al, , b; Luo et al, ; Li et al, ). Particle analysis can overcome the problems of physiological barriers and detection limit, when compared with element concentration analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospecting Application of Nanoparticles and Nearly Nanoscale Particles Within Plant Tissues

Cao

Jiang

et al. 2017

Resource Geology

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Element concentration analysis used in vegetation geochemical prospecting has acquired many achievements. Nevertheless, its limitations cannot be denied, which lead to the research subject of this paper. Plant samples were collected from Fankou lead–zinc deposit. Through high‐resolution analysis of transmission electron microscopy, here we show detailed information regarding nanoparticles and nearly nanoscale particles within natural plant tissues, whose compositions are mainly metallic elements (metal‐bearing particles). The particles exhibit a wide size range (from 30 nm to 1.5 µm in one dimension), diverse shapes and smooth edges. Natural Au particles could be observed. Pb‐, Zn‐, Ag‐, Cr‐bearing particles could be detected frequently as well, along with elemental S. Combined with the results of the background sample, a relationship between the particles contained in mine plant bodies and the known orebody buried underground was demonstrated. A continuous process whereby metallic elements are transferred from concealed orebody to the ground surface and then preserved within plant bodies has been taken into consideration. We verify the feasibility in theory and practice, and propose a model that particles contained in plant tissues can be applied to the exploration of deep concealed metal deposits, which may improve the accuracy and sensitivity of blind ore prospecting.

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Formation of nano- or near-nanoparticles via oxidation in the Dabaoshan concealed deposit, Guangdong Province

et al. 2020

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TEM observations of particles based on sampling in gas and soil at the Dongshengmiao polymetallic pyrite deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Particulates in the ascending gas caused by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake: A new matter released by earthquake

Particulates in the ascending gas caused by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake: A new matter released by earthquake

Prospecting Application of Nanoparticles and Nearly Nanoscale Particles Within Plant Tissues

Formation of nano- or near-nanoparticles via oxidation in the Dabaoshan concealed deposit, Guangdong Province

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