TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment

MacGorman, Donald R.; Rust, W. David; Schuur, Terry J.; Biggerstaff, Michael I.; Straka, Jerry M.; Ziegler, Conrad L.; Mansell, Edward R.; Bruning, Eric C.; Kuhlman, Kristin M.; Lund, Nicole R.; Biermann, Nicholas S.; Payne, Clark D.; Carey, L. D.; Krehbiel, P. R.; Rison, W.; Eack, K.; Beasley, William H.

doi:10.1175/2007bams2352.1

Cited by 181 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The analysis domain for these wind retrievals covers 100 × 100 km 2 around the SGP Central Facility and extends up to 10 km altitude, with a horizontal resolution of 500 m and a vertical resolution of 250 m. The radars used included the C-SAPR radar as well as two X-band (3 cm wavelength) ARM Scanning Precipitation Radars (X-SAPR) located near the central facility; the locations of these radars are shown in Fig. 1 4) Oklahoma lightning mapping array-The Oklahoma lightning mapping array (LMA) is a time-of-arrival based lightning mapping system that utilizes an array of very high frequency (VHF) antennas to provide a four-dimensional map of lightning activity in thunderstorms (MacGorman et al 2008;Thomas et al 2004). Vertical accuracy is limited at distances further than 100 km from the LMA and horizontal accuracy becomes limited at distances beyond 200 km from the LMA.…”

Section: ) C-sapr C-band Polarimetric Radar-the Department Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1B, results from Wiens et al (2005) suggest that better correlation is found between convection storm statistics (such as updrafts) and flashes, rather than VHF sources. Clustering of VHF source into flashes was performed as suggested by MacGorman et al (2008), with thresholds of 3 km and 0.25 s set for inclusion of a VHF source into a flash, and a minimum of 10 VHF sources required per flash. Data shown here represent the time and location of the first VHF source within a given flash.…”

Section: ) C-sapr C-band Polarimetric Radar-the Department Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*

Lier-Walqui

Fridlind

Ackerman

et al. 2016

Monthly Weather Review

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The representation of deep convection in general circulation models is in part informed by cloudresolving models (CRMs) that function at higher spatial and temporal resolution; however, recent studies have shown that CRMs often fail at capturing the details of deep convection updrafts. With the goal of providing constraint on CRM simulation of deep convection updrafts, ground-based remote-sensing observations are analyzed and statistically correlated for four deep convection

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Section: ) C-sapr C-band Polarimetric Radar-the Department Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) C-sapr C-band Polarimetric Radar-the Department Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*

Lier-Walqui

Fridlind

Ackerman

et al. 2016

Monthly Weather Review

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“…A small multicell storm complex was observed on 28-29 June 2004 during the Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment (TELEX) (MacGorman et al 2008). The storm was located 50 km northwest of Norman, OK and remained stationary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Electrification of a Small Thunderstorm with Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics

Mansell

Ziegler

Bruning

2010

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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408

312

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Electrification and lightning are simulated for a small continental multicell storm. The results are consistent with observations and thus provide additional understanding of the charging processes and evolution of this storm. The first six observed lightning flashes, all negative cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes, indicated at least an inverted dipole charge structure (negative charge above positive). Negative CG flashes should be energetically favorable only when the negative charge region contains appreciably more charge than the lower positive region. The simulations support the hypothesis that the negative charge is enhanced by noninductive charge separation higher in the storm that also causes development of an upper positive charge region, resulting in a "bottom-heavy" tripole charge structure. The two-moment microphysics scheme used for this study can predict mass mixing ratio and number concentration of cloud droplets, rain, ice crystals, snow, graupel, and hail. (Hail was not needed for the present study.) Essential details of the scheme are presented. Bulk particle density of graupel and hail can also be predicted, which increases diversity in fall speeds. The prediction of hydrometeor number concentration is critical for effective charge separation at higher temperatures (−5 < T < −15) in the mixed-phase region, where ice crystals are produced by rime fracturing (Hallett-Mossop process) and by splintering of freezing drops.

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“…The algorithm was shown by both studies to produce flash rates in close agreement to a previouslydeveloped LMA flash counting algorithm. For the 6 June and 15 June 2012 Colorado cases discussed herein, flash rates were derived from Colorado LMA data (Rison et al, 2012), while for the 25-26 May 2012 case, data from the central Oklahoma LMA were used (MacGorman et al, 2008).…”

Section: Lightning Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Thunderstorm anvils were studied during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment (DC3), using in situ measurements and observations of ice particles and NO x together with radar and Lightning Mapping Array measurements. A characteristic ice particle and NO x signature was found in the anvils from three storms, each containing high lightning flash rates in the storm core prior to anvil sampling. This signature exhibits high concentrations of frozen droplets (as measured by a Cloud Droplet Probe) coincident with lower NO x on the edges of the anvil. The central portion of these anvils exhibited a high degree of aggregation of these frozen droplets and higher levels of NO x . In contrast, a deep convective cell with low lightning flash rates had high concentrations of both frozen droplets and aggregated frozen droplets in its anvil's central region. A conceptual model for these results is presented and applied to the observations from each of these storms. High NO x concentrations are often found where aggregation of frozen droplets has occurred, which may be a reflection of aggregation by electrical forces in the regions where lightning is occurring, although the level of NO x for a given concentration of aggregates varies from storm to storm. These observations between anvil microphysics and lightning and/or NO x signatures suggest that lightning data may be an important tool to characterize or infer the microphysical, radiative, and chemical properties of thunderstorm anvils.

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TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment

Cited by 181 publications

References 59 publications

On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*

On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*

Simulated Electrification of a Small Thunderstorm with Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics

Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>

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TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment

Cited by 181 publications

References 59 publications

On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*

On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*

Simulated Electrification of a Small Thunderstorm with Two-Moment Bulk Microphysics

Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;

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Product

Resources

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Anvil microphysical signatures associated with lightning-produced NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>