“…The role of religious beliefs and observances has a positive effect on an individual's well-being and life satisfaction despite life's setbacks, negative circumstances, or uncertainties (Abu-Raiya et al, 2015;Krause, 2015;Koenig & Larson, 2001). Having strong faith convictions and religious involvement may decrease cognitive dissonance (Kitchens & Phillips, 2018), maintain positive appraisal of one's life (Vishkin et al, 2016;Ramsay, Tong, Chowdhury, & Ho, 2019), and strengthen the level of well-being (Galen & Kloet, 2011). In addition, faithful adherence to Church teachings and practices, membership in church organization, and participation in the mass contributed to higher spiritual well-being (Oracion & Madrigal, 2019).…”