Teleconferencing: Preliminary Experiments

Sinaiko, H. Wallace

doi:10.21236/ad0601932

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…With a few pioneering exceptions (Hiltz, Johnson, Aronovitch, & Turoff, 1980;Hiltz, Johnson, & Tur-off, 1982;Kling, 1982;Short, Williams, & Christie, 1976), research on and analyses of computer communication technologies evaluate the efficiency of these technologies based on their cost and technical capabilities (Bikson, Gutek, & Mankin, 1981). Representative of this orientation are discussions of how computer communications can work in organizations such as libraries and engineering firms (e.g., Lancaster, 1978;Tapscott, 1982); surveys of the introduction of computer networks in organizations (e.g., Rice & Case, 1982;Sinaiko, 1963); and also experimental studies comparing the effects of various communication channels (Chapanis, 1972;Geller, 1981;Kite & Vitz, 1966;Krueger, 1976;Morley & Stephenson, 1969;Weeks & Chapanis, 1976;Williams, 1973aWilliams, , 1973bWilliams, , 1975aWilliams, , 1975b. In general, research on the technical capabilities of computers has addressed questions about how particular technical, economic, or ergonomic characteristics of the technology are related to organizational efficiency and effectiveness.…”

Section: Existing Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication.

Kiesler¹,

Siegel²,

McGuire³

1984

American Psychologist

2,027

1,013

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Computer-mediated communication was once confined to technical users and was considered somewhat arcane. This no longer holds true. Computer-mediated communication is a key component of the emerging technology of computer networks. In networks, people can exchange, store, edit, broadcast, and copy any written document. They can send data and messages instantaneously, easily, at low cost, and over long distances. Two or more people can look at a document and revise it together, consult with each other on critical matters without meeting together or setting up a telephone conference, or ask for and give assistance interactively (Hiltz & Turoff, 1978; Williams, 1977). Networks, and hence computer-mediated communications, are proliferating at a tremendous rate. In addition to the older long-distance networks that connect thousands of scientists, professionals, and managers (e.g., the Department of Defense's ARPA-NET, GTE's TELENET), there are more and more local-area networks that link up computers within a region, city, or organization (e.g., Nestar System's CLUSTERBUS, Xerox's ETHERNET, Ford Aerospace's FLASHNET, and Wang Laboratories' WANGNET). Stimulating this growth are the decreasing costs and the advantages of networks over stand-alone systems, such as sharing high-speed printers and access to a common interface for otherwise incompatible equipment. The future of this technology cannot be foretold, but it is far from arcane. The functions and impact of computer-mediated communication are still poorly understood. Critical information (such as who uses it for what purposes)

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Section: Existing Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, earlier studies of the teletypewriter lend support to the analyses we have presented. Sinaiko's (1963) experiments at the Institute for Defense Analyses indicated that "teletype quite dramatically depersonalizes negotiations. .…”

Section: Outcomes Of Technology Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Social psychological aspects of computer-mediated communication.

Kiesler¹,

Siegel²,

McGuire³

1984

American Psychologist

2,027

1,013

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The Effects of Transmission Delay in Four-Wire Teleconferencing*

Vartabedian¹

1966

Bell System Technical Journal

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The effects of transmission delay upon the performance of a three‐party teleconference were investigated using a problem‐oriented task. The teleconference was simulated in the laboratory using 4‐wire telephone sets interconnected to form a three‐party conference network without echo sources or echo control devices. The two experimental conditions were characterized by (a) a network whose three legs provided transmission delays of 600‐milliseconds, 300‐milliseconds and no delay, and (b) a network each of whose three legs provided no transmission delay. It was found that: (i) time to complete the experimental task was 28 percent greater in the delay condition than in the no‐delay condition, (ii) the error rate was less in the delay condition than in the no‐delay condition, (iii) time‐per‐trial decreased with successive trials in both delay conditions; time‐per‐trial was less in the no‐delay condition than in the delay condition, and (iv) no chairmanship pattern developed as a result of time delay in the network. Moreover, not one of the subjects reported having observed the existence of delay in the voice path. There were, however, more complaints of “talking together” in the delay condition.

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