Teichoic and Teichuronic Acids from Gram‐Positive Bacteria

Lazarević, Vladimir; Pooley, Harold M.; Mauël, Catherine; Karamata, Dimitri

doi:10.1002/3527600035.bpol5018

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…In addition, no significant differences in expression or localization of LytF were observed in the tagE null mutant strain (Fig. 1b, 3f-g), which has a defect in glycosylation of the major WTA (Allison et al, 2011;Lazarevic et al, 2002). A previous report has demonstrated that TagE is only able to use a poly(GroP) polymer as a substrate (Allison et al, 2011).…”

Section: Expression and Localization Of Lytf In Mutants Of The Lta Symentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Teichoic acids are either covalently attached to PGs (wall teichoic acid, WTA) or anchored to membrane lipids (lipoteichoic acid, LTA) (Foster & Popham, 2001;Neuhaus & Baddiley, 2003). Bacillus subtilis 168 mainly produces major and minor WTAs, as well as LTA during vegetative growth (Foster & Popham, 2001;Lazarevic et al, 2002). In this organism, major WTA and LTA polymers consist of a similar main chain structure, comprising poly glycerolphosphate (GroP) repeating units (Foster & Popham, 2001;Neuhaus & Baddiley, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localization and expression of the Bacillus subtilis dl-endopeptidase LytF are influenced by mutations in LTA synthases and glycolipid anchor synthetic enzymes

et al. 2014

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Bacillus subtilis LytF plays a principal role in cell separation through its localization at the septa and poles on the vegetative cell surface. In this study, we found that a mutation in a major lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthase gene -ltaS -results in a considerable reduction in the s D -dependent transcription of lytF. The lytF transcription was also reduced in mutants that affected glycolipid anchor biosynthesis. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that both the numbers of cells expressing LytF and the LytF foci in these mutants were decreased. In addition, the transcriptional activity of lytF was almost abolished in the double (ltaS yfnI), triple (ltaS yfnI yqgS), and quadruple (ltaS yfnI yqgS yvgJ) mutants during vegetative growth. Cell separation defects in these mutants were partially restored with artificial expression of LytF. Interestingly, when lytF transcription was induced in the ltaS single or multiple mutants, LytF was localized not only at the septum, but also along the sidewall. The amounts of LytF bound to cell wall in the single (ltaS) and double (ltaS yfnI) mutants gradually increased as compared with that in the WT strain, and those in the triple (ltaS yfnI yqgS) and quadruple mutants were almost similar to that in the double mutant. Moreover, reduction of the lytF transcription and chained cell morphology in the ltaS mutant were completely restored with artificial induction of the yqgS gene. These results strongly suggest that LTA influences the temporal, s D -dependent transcription of lytF and is an additional inhibitory component to the vegetative cell separation enzyme LytF.

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Section: Expression and Localization Of Lytf In Mutants Of The Lta Symentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization and expression of the Bacillus subtilis dl-endopeptidase LytF are influenced by mutations in LTA synthases and glycolipid anchor synthetic enzymes

et al. 2014

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“…subtilis 168 is the gram-positive model organism and its genome databases are quite substantial. In addition, the biosynthetic pathways of both wall-and lipo-teichoic acids are well understood (Lazarevic et al 2002;Schirner et al 2009;Wörmann et al 2011;Reichmann et al 2011). Gene inactivation procedure is fully established in this organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of microorganisms with rare earth ions and their utilization for separation and environmental technology

Moriwaki

Yamamoto

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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In recent years, rare earth elements (REEs) have been widely used in various modern technological devices, and the global demand for REE has been increasing. The increased demand for REEs has led to environmental exposure or water pollution from rare earth metal mines and various commercial products. Therefore, the development of a safe technology for the separation and adsorption of REEs is very important from the perspective of green chemistry and environmental pollution. In this review, the application and mechanisms of microorganisms for the removal and extraction of REEs from aqueous solutions are described.In addition, the advantages in using microorganisms for REE adsorption and future studies on this topic are discussed.

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“…Anionic polymers are either covalently attached to the PG (wall teichoic acid [WTA]) or anchored to the membrane lipids (lipoteichoic acid [LTA]) (1,2). In Bacillus subtilis 168, the WTAs are composed of major and minor forms, and both are tethered to peptidoglycan via a linkage unit (3). The main chains of the major and minor WTAs consist of glycerol phosphate (GroP) and glucosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate (GlcGalNAcP) repeats, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Teichoic Acid Polymers Affect Expression and Localization of dl -Endopeptidase LytE Required for Lateral Cell Wall Hydrolysis in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2016

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In Bacillus subtilis, the DL-endopeptidase LytE is responsible for lateral peptidoglycan hydrolysis during cell elongation. We found that I -dependent transcription of lytE is considerably enhanced in a strain with a mutation in ltaS, which encodes a major lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthase. Similar enhancements were observed in mutants that affect the glycolipid anchor and wall teichoic acid (WTA) synthetic pathways. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the LytE foci were considerably increased in these mutants. The localization patterns of LytE on the sidewalls appeared to be helix-like in LTA-defective or WTAreduced cells and evenly distributed on WTA-depleted or -defective cell surfaces. These results strongly suggested that LTA and WTA affect both I -dependent expression and localization of LytE. Interestingly, increased LytE localization along the sidewall in the ltaS mutant largely occurred in an MreBH-independent manner. Moreover, we found that cell surface decorations with LTA and WTA are gradually reduced at increased culture temperatures and that LTA rather than WTA on the cell surface is reduced at high temperatures. In contrast, the amount of LytE on the cell surface gradually increased under heat stress conditions. Taken together, these results indicated that reductions in these anionic polymers at high temperatures might give rise to increases in SigI-dependent expression and cell surface localization of LytE at high temperatures. IMPORTANCEThe bacterial cell wall is required for maintaining cell shape and bearing environmental stresses. The Gram-positive cell wall consists of mesh-like peptidoglycan and covalently linked wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid polymers. It is important to determine if these anionic polymers are required for proliferation and environmental adaptation. Here, we demonstrated that these polymers affect the expression and localization of a peptidoglycan hydrolase LytE required for lateral cell wall elongation. Moreover, we found that cell surface decorations with teichoic acid polymers are substantially decreased at high temperatures and that the peptidoglycan hydrolase is consequently increased. These findings suggest that teichoic acid polymers control lateral peptidoglycan hydrolysis by LytE, and bacteria drastically change their cell wall content to adapt to their environment.

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Teichoic and Teichuronic Acids from Gram‐Positive Bacteria

Abstract: Introduction Historical Outline Chemical Structures Cell Wall Teichoic Acid Teichuronic Acids Biosynthesis and Genetics of Poly(GroP) Polymerizing Enzyme System for Poly(Glycerol Phosphate) Teichoic Acid The Genetic Basis of the Biosynthesis of the Soluble Precursor… Show more

Cited by 11 publications

References 141 publications

Localization and expression of the Bacillus subtilis dl-endopeptidase LytF are influenced by mutations in LTA synthases and glycolipid anchor synthetic enzymes

Localization and expression of the Bacillus subtilis dl-endopeptidase LytF are influenced by mutations in LTA synthases and glycolipid anchor synthetic enzymes

Interactions of microorganisms with rare earth ions and their utilization for separation and environmental technology

Teichoic Acid Polymers Affect Expression and Localization of dl -Endopeptidase LytE Required for Lateral Cell Wall Hydrolysis in Bacillus subtilis

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