Tectonic evolution of the intra-uplift Vigodi-Gugriana-Khirasra-Netra Fault System in the seismically active Kachchh rift basin, India: Implications for the western continental margin of the Indian plate

Shaikh, Mohamedharoon A.; Maurya, D. M.; Mukherjee, Soumyajit; Vanik, Naimisha; Padmalal, Akash; Chamyal, L. S.

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2020.104124

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…16,17,and 18). Quaternary tectonic activity along various faults of the KRB is also confirmed by using Neotectonic, tectono-geomorphic and paleoseismic, GIS, and remote sensing techniques (Thakkar et al 1999, 2012a, b, 2020a, Thakkar 2018aMaurya et al 2003aMaurya et al , b, c, 2008Maurya et al , 2013Maurya et al , 2016Patidar et al 2007Patidar et al , 2008Malik et al 2008Malik et al , 2017Prizomwala et al 2014aPrizomwala et al , b, 2016aPrizomwala et al , 2016bPrizomwala et al , 2019Goyal et al 2015;Kothyari et al 2015Kothyari et al , 2016aKothyari et al , b, c, 2018Kothyari et al , 2019Kothyari et al , 2020aKothyari et al , 2020bKothyari et al , 2020cDas et al 2016aDas et al , b, 2017Das et al , 2019Das et al , 2020Padmalal et al 2019;Bhattacharya et al 2019;Dumka et al 2019;Shaikh et al 2019Shaikh et al , 2020Kandregula et al 2020;Lakhote et al 2020a, b;Mishra et al 2020;Rajendran et al 2020). Quaternary climate and sea level processes also resulted in fluvial, aeolian, and marine erosional and depositional features in the Kachchh landscape, and Quaternary sediments are found along the coast, and the Rann exposes some spectacular evidence of sea level changes.…”

Section: Significance Of Neotectonics and Palaeoseismic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Unique Geoheritage of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India, and its Conservation

et al. 2021

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The Kachchh Basin is a peri-cratonic rift basin in the Gujarat state of Western India which exposes a vast range of geological features which are of great importance for basic and applied research by geoscientists. The fossil-rich stratigraphy of the Kachchh Basin represents the past 200 million years of geological history from the Jurassic Period to the present day, including through the Neogene Period. Both Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences are highly fossiliferous with a variety of mega, macro, and microfossils, including invertebrate, plant, trace, and vertebrate fossils. Crucially, the Kachchh Rift Basin demonstrates a uniquely well exposed, syn to post-rift tectono-sedimentary sequence formed from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous during the break up of Eastern Gondwanaland. The basin is bounded by reactivated primary faults forming tilted horsts and half-grabens. Tilted-up edges of the uplifted fault blocks are represented by uplifted hilly ranges, whereas the intervening subsiding blocks are the geomorphological expression of the low-lying Rann and Banni plains (mudflats, marshes, and grassland). This activity was followed by an inversion cycle initiated in Late Early Cretaceous following the aborting of the rift and is active in the present neotectonic cycle. Thick Deccan Trap lava flows and basic intrusive bodies indicate associated deeper crustal and mantle processes associated with this rift basin evolution. Easily accessed, well-exposed continuous sedimentary sequences with scanty vegetation provide a unique window of opportunity to looking into the geological past of this unique landscape which has preserved the evidence of the evolution of life both in near shore, coastal, and terrestrial environment, as well as a rare opportunity to understand a history of syn/post-rift-fill sedimentation, volcanism, and tectono-geomorphical evolution. More recently the terrain has become a hotspot amongst the planetary scientists as it provides a terrestrial analogue for Lunar and Martian landscapes. These and many other features justify why the unique geological heritage of the Kachchh Basin should be conserved for posterity not only for geoscientists from all over the world but also for local communities and visitors who could learn from its 200 million year history. We therefore propose that the landscapes of the Kachchh Basin should be conserved as a National Geopark in India to achieve such ambitions, and we believe that in this, they have an immense potential to achieve many of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. It is proposed to create 9 geo-stations (for administration) and 75 geosites grouped under these stations within the proposed Kachchh Geopark.

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Section: Significance Of Neotectonics and Palaeoseismic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Unique Geoheritage of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India, and its Conservation

et al. 2021

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“…These studies have shown geophysical images of faulting, supporting and/or extending observations on outcrops, boreholes, and trench data and contributed to base knowledge of seismogenic structures as well as to the seismic hazard assessment of several regions around the world. Among the pioneers, we can mention Benson (1995), Smith and Jol (1995), Busby and Merritt (1999), Cai et al (1996), andLiner andLiner (1997), and in the successive 20 years, other 2D GPR studies were achieved across several faults worldwide (Audru et al, 2001;Demanet et al, 2001;Overgaard and Jakobsen, 2001;Bano et al, 2002;Liberty et al, 2003;Reiss et al, 2003;Slater and Niemi, 2003;Malik et al, 2007;Wallace et al, 2010;Yalciner et al, 2013;Imposa et al, 2015;Anchuela et al, 2016;Nobes et al, 2016;Matos et al, 2017;Pousse-Beltran et al, 2018;Zajc et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019 andShaikh et al, 2020). In Italy, only a few GPR studies are currently available across normal faults (e.g., Salvi et al, 2003;Jewell and Bristow, 2006;Pauselli et al, 2010;Roberts et al, 2010;Ercoli et al, 2013aErcoli et al, , 2014Bubeck et al, 2015;Cinti et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

et al. 2021

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Abstract. With the aim of unveiling evidence of Late Quaternary faulting, a series of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were acquired across the southern portion of the Fosso della Valle–Campotenese normal fault (VCT), located at the Campotenese continental basin (Mt. Pollino region) in the southern Apennines active extensional belt (Italy). A set of 49 GPR profiles, traced nearly perpendicular to this normal fault, was acquired using 300 and 500 MHz antennas and carefully processed through a customized workflow. The data interpretation allowed us to reconstruct a pseudo-3D model depicting the boundary between the Mesozoic bedrock and the sedimentary fill of the basin, which were in close proximity to the fault. Once the GPR signature of faulting was reviewed and defined, we interpret near-surface alluvial and colluvial sediments dislocated by a set of conjugate (W- and E-dipping) discontinuities that penetrate inside the underlying Triassic dolostones. Close to the contact between the continental deposits and the bedrock, some buried scarps which offset wedge-shaped deposits are interpreted as coseismic ruptures, subsequently sealed by later deposits. Our pseudo-3D GPR dataset represented a good trade-off between a dense 3D-GPR volume and conventional 2D data, which normally requires a higher degree of subjectivity during the interpretation. We have thus reconstructed a reliable subsurface fault pattern, discriminating master faults and a series of secondary splays. This contribution better characterizes active Quaternary faults in an area which falls within the Pollino seismic gap and is considered prone to severe surface faulting. Our results encourage further research at the study site, whilst we also recommend our workflow for similar regions characterized by high seismic hazard and scarcity of near-surface geophysical data.

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“…These studies have shown geophysical images of faulting, supporting and/or extending outcrop, borehole, trench data, and contributing to base-knowledge of seismogenic structures as well as to the seismic hazard assessment of several regions around the world. Among the pioneers, we can mention Benson (1995), Smith and Jol (1995), Busby and Merritt (1999), Cai et al (1996) and Liner and Liner (1997), and on the successive twenty years, other 2D GPR studies were achieved across several faults (Audru et al 2001;Demanet et al 2001;Overgaard and Jakobsen, 2001;Bano et al 2002;Liberty et al 2003;Reiss et al 2003;Slater and Niemi, 2003;Malik et al 2007;Wallace et al 2010;Yalciner et al 2013;Imposa et al 2015;Anchuela et al 2016;Nobes et al 2016;Matos et al 2017;Pousse-Beltran et al 2018;Zajc et al 2018;Zhang et al 2019 andShaikh et al 2020). A few GPR surveys have been acquired across Italian normal faults (Salvi et al 2003;Jewell and Bristow, 2006;Pauselli et al 2010;Roberts et al 2010;Ercoli et al 2013a;Bubeck et al 2015;Cinti et al 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPR signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

Ercoli

Cirillo

Pauselli

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. With the aim of unveiling evidence of Late Quaternary faulting, a series of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles were acquired across the Campotenese continental basin (Mt. Pollino region) in the southern Apennines active extensional belt (Italy). A set of forty-nine 300 MHz and 500 MHz GPR profiles, traced nearly perpendicular to a buried normal fault, were acquired and carefully processed through a customized workflow. The data interpretation allowed us to reconstruct a pseudo-3D model depicting the boundary between the Mesozoic bedrock and the sedimentary fill of the basin, which were in close proximity to the fault. Once reviewing and defining the GPR signature of faulting, we highlight in our data how near surface alluvial and colluvial sediments appear to be dislocated by a set of conjugate (west and east-dipping) discontinuities that penetrate inside the underlying Triassic dolostones. Close to the contact between the continental deposits and the bedrock, some buried scarps which offset wedge-shaped deposits are interpreted as coseismic ruptures, subsequently sealed by later deposits. Although the use of pseudo-3D GPR data implies more complexity linking the geophysical features among the radar images, we have reconstructed a reliable subsurface fault pattern, discriminating master faults and a series of secondary splays. We believe our contribution provides an improvement in the characterization of active faults in the study area which falls within the Pollino seismic gap and is considered potentially prone to severe surface faulting. Our aim is for our approach and workflow to be of inspiration for further studies in the region as well as for similar high seismic hazard areas characterized by scarcity of near-surface data.

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Tectonic evolution of the intra-uplift Vigodi-Gugriana-Khirasra-Netra Fault System in the seismically active Kachchh rift basin, India: Implications for the western continental margin of the Indian plate

Cited by 40 publications

References 83 publications

The Unique Geoheritage of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India, and its Conservation

The Unique Geoheritage of the Kachchh (Kutch) Basin, Western India, and its Conservation

Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

GPR signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

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