Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead?zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands

Bradley, Dwight C.; Leach, D. L.

doi:10.1007/s00126-003-0355-2

Cited by 164 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…MVT deposits are generally hosted in platform carbonates that typically originated in passive margin settings , with fluid-driven mineralization developed during crustal thickening and deformation (Oliver 1986) in collisional and accretionary orogens (Bradley & Leach 2003). They only became abundant after the second oxygenation event in the Neoproterozoic and reached their maximum abundance during assembly of Pangea in the Devonian and Carboniferous .…”

Section: Supercontinent Cycle and Mineral Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal relations between mineral deposits and global tectonic cycles

Cawood

Hawkesworth

2013

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Mineral deposits are heterogeneously distributed in both space and time, with variations reflecting tectonic setting, evolving environmental conditions, as in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and secular changes in the Earth's thermal history. The distribution of deposit types whose settings are tied to plate margin processes (e.g. orogenic gold, volcanic-hosted massive sulphide, Mississippi valley type Pb-Zn deposits) correlates well with the supercontinent cycle, whereas deposits related to intra-cratonic settings and mantle-driven igneous events, such as Ni-Cu-PGE deposits, lack a clear association. The episodic distribution of deposits tied to the supercontinent cycle is accentuated by selective preservation and biasing of rock units and events during supercontinent assembly, a process that encases the deposit within the assembled supercontinent and isolates it from subsequent removal and recycling at plate margins.Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.The regional framework of mineral deposits and mineral provinces provides fundamental information essential for successful long-term exploration and discovery. Critical data that can be gleaned from regional studies include stratigraphic, structural and tectonic controls and geophysical, geochemical and isotopic data, all of which constrain the setting, extent and age of a mineral province and focus exploration on the location of individual deposits. Equally important and perhaps less well understood are the broad-scale processes associated with the development of continental lithosphere and their control on mineral deposit type and distribution. It has long been recognized that the distribution of deposit types is related to tectonic setting, for example, gold in orogenic settings and clastic-dominated Pb -Zn ores in extensional settings (Mitchell & Garson 1981;Goldfarb et al. 2001;Leach et al. 2010, and references therein). The temporal and spatial distribution of deposits is related to features specific to the generation of each of these tectonic environments. In this contribution, we discuss the controls on the preservation of the rock archive and how that impinges on the distribution of mineral deposit types. Ore deposits generated in different tectonic settings have different likelihoods of survival, and the supercontinent cycle imparts a preservational bias that is an intrinsic characteristic of the age distribution of many mineral deposits and the proportions of mineral deposits from different tectonic settings preserved in the rock record. Temporal relations between mineral deposits and global tectonic cyclesMineral deposits are heterogeneously distributed in both space and time (Lindgren 1909;Turneaure 1955;Meyer 1988;Barley & Groves 1992;Titley 1993;Groves et al. 2005b;Kerrich et al. 2005;Groves & Bierlein 2007;Bierlein et al. 2009;Goldfarb et al. 2010). Barley & Groves (1992) suggested that this uneven distribution is related to three major factors: (a) evolution of the hydrosphere -atmosphere...

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Section: Supercontinent Cycle and Mineral Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal relations between mineral deposits and global tectonic cycles

Cawood

Hawkesworth

2013

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“…E, Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits, which form by replacement in platform carbonate sequences. C, D, and E modified from Kelley and others (1995); Bradley and Leach (2003); Leach, Sangster, and others (2005); and Leach, Taylor, and others (2010). …”

Section: Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallium

Foley¹,

Jaskula²,

Kimball³

et al. 2017

Professional Paper

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“…They are epigenetic deposits, which are hosted in carbonatedominated sedimentary rocks, generally stratabound and stratiform with sulfide minerals replacing carbonates and filling open spaces in the host rocks [29,55]. Most of the world's MVT Zn-Pb deposits occur in orogenic forelands and mineralizations are accompanied by tectonic movement [29,56]. In addition, many of typical MVT deposits have low-moderate temperatures and medium salinities of basinal brines with abundant hydrocarbons [29], which are consistent with the Nanmushu deposit studied here.…”

Section: Genetic Type Of the Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids from Nanmushu Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposit in the Mayuan District, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China

et al. 2017

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The Nanmushu carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit is located in the Mayuan district of Shaanxi Province, a newly discovered metallogenic district next to the Sichuan Basin, in the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, which is the largest and the only one that is currently mined in this district. The 34 S values of sulfides are characterized by positive values with a peak around +18‰, and the reduced sulfur may have derived from reduction of SO 4 2− from paleoseawater or evaporitic sulfates that have possibly been leached by basinal brines during mineralization stage. Detailed fluid inclusion study shows two types of fluids in the sphalerite, quartz, dolomite, calcite and barite, that is, aqueous-salt dominant inclusions (type I) and hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions (type II). The Laser Raman spectroscopy study shows occurrence of certain amount of CH 4 , C 4 H 6 , and bitumen. The salinities show similar values around 6 to 12 wt% NaCl equivalent but a decreasing temperature from early to late stages (typically 200 ∘ to 320 ∘ C in stage I, 180∘ to 260 ∘ C in stage II, and 140 ∘ to 180 ∘ C in stage III). These features may be related to basinal brines mixing between an external higher salinity CaCl 2 ± MgCl 2 -rich fluid and a local H 2 O-NaCl methane-rich fluid.

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Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead?zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands

Cited by 164 publications

References 68 publications

Temporal relations between mineral deposits and global tectonic cycles

Temporal relations between mineral deposits and global tectonic cycles

Gallium

Nature and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids from Nanmushu Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposit in the Mayuan District, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China

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