Nature and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids from Nanmushu Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposit in the Mayuan District, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China

Xiong, Suo‐Fei; Gong, Yiming; Yao, Shuzhen; Shen, Chuanbo; Gao, Xiang; Jiang, Shao‐Yong

doi:10.1155/2017/2410504

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…The close association of CO 2 ‐rich inclusions and H 2 O‐rich inclusions in groups and along the same trail suggests further the presence of fluid immiscibility. Numerous studies have shown that fluid mixing and fluid immiscibility are the dominant mechanisms for the precipitation of Cu (Xiong et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of copper ± (gold) vein‐type mineralization along terrain boundary fault, Dubarpeth in Central India: Constraints from fluid inclusion, stable isotope, and in situ trace element geochemistry of sulphides

et al. 2019

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We present the findings on in situ trace element geochemistry of sulphides by LA-ICPMS, sulphur isotope, and hydrothermal fluid evolution of copper ± gold mineralization at Dubarpeth, Central India. Mineralization is associated with chloritizedsilicified alteration zones, structurally localized along the terrain boundary fault between Archean TTG quartz diorite (2.5 Ga) of Western Bastar Craton and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic cover sediments of Pranhita-Godavari (PG) Valley. Studies reveal that the Cu ± Au mineralization occurs in the form of dissemination, stringers, and veins along the microfaults and fractures. We infer three stages of mineralization based on the field observations and petrography studies. The early stage is characterized by the quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite assemblage, while the middle stage is represented by quartz-chlorite-chalcopyrite ± pyrite. Calcite ± epidote is conspicuous in the late stage. Fluid inclusion microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy studies indicate that the early-stage veins are mainly aqueous rich, mixed carbonicaqueous, and minor vapour-rich aqueous inclusions. FIs in the early stage displayed evidence of vein formation during episode of fluid immiscibility with the homogenization temperatures and salinities up to 259°C and 27 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively, indicating initial ore-forming fluids of moderate temperature, moderate to high salinity in H 2 O-CO 2 -NaCl systems. Copper mineralization stage is liquid-and vapour-rich (H 2 O-CO 2 -CH 4 + N 2 ) aqueous inclusions, with homogenization temperatures of 174-221°C and salinities of 6.37 to 13.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. This temperature range has been further supported by empirical chlorite thermometry based on Fe/Mg, Al IV , and Al V . The sulphur isotope values of pyrite and chalcopyrite showed δ 34 S interval of 2.29‰ to −10.85‰, characteristic of highly oxidized nature of the fluids and attributing sulphur source to magmatic origin. The ore-forming fluids gradually became SO 2− 4 enriched and relatively oxidized during Cu mineralization. High Co-Ni trace element signatures of pyrite by LA-ICPMS substantiate this observation, further indicating remobilization from a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid. The presence of CH 4 favours either a source of deep crustal nature or a mantle for the ore-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of copper ± (gold) vein‐type mineralization along terrain boundary fault, Dubarpeth in Central India: Constraints from fluid inclusion, stable isotope, and in situ trace element geochemistry of sulphides

et al. 2019

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“…In order to get the exact microthermometric data for each hydrothermal stage, the primary fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) were studied. The primary FIs are formed as isolated, in groups, or sometimes along crystal growth zones [39,40], and FIAs represent the contemporaneous entrapment in a hydrothermal stage [41,42]. Secondary FIs occurring in microfractures and transgranular trails are not measured in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Evolution of Fuzishan Skarn Cu-Mo Deposit from the Edong District in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt of China: Evidence from Petrography, Mineral Assemblages, and Fluid Inclusions

et al. 2018

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The Fuzishan Cu-Mo deposit is located in the Edong district of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China. The orebodies mainly occurred as lenticular and bedded shapes in the skarn zone between the Lower Permian Qixia Formation carbonate rocks and the quartz diorite. Four paragenetic stages have been recognized based on petrographic observations: (1) prograde skarn stage, (2) retrograde skarn stage, (3) quartz-sulfide stage, and (4) carbonate stage. Six fluid inclusion types were recognized: S 1 (vapor + liquid + halite ± other daughter minerals), S 2 (vapor + liquid + daughter minerals except halite), L V (rich liquid + vapor), V L (rich vapor + liquid), V (vapor), and L (liquid) types. Fluid inclusion studies show distinct variations in composition, final homogenization temperature, and salinity in four stages. Daughter minerals of the primary fluid inclusions include chalcopyrite, molybdenite, hematite, anhydrite, calcite, and halite in the prograde skarn stage and hematite, calcite, and sulfide (?) in the retrograde skarn stage. No daughter minerals occurred in the quartz-sulfide and carbonate stages. Final homogenization temperatures recorded in these stages are from 405 to >550°C, from 212 to 498°C, from 150 to 485°C, and from 89 to 223°C, respectively, while salinities are from 3.7 to 42.5, from 2.6 to 18.5, from 2.2 to 17.9, and from 0.2 to 11.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The coexisting V L and S 1 type fluid inclusions show similar homogenization temperature of 550 to about 650°C in the prograde skarn stage, indicating that immiscibility occurred at lithostatic pressure of 700 bars to perhaps 1000 bars, corresponding to a depth of 2.6 km to about 3.7 km. The coeval V L and L V types fluid inclusions with homogenization temperature of 350 to 400°C in the late retrograde skarn and quartz-sulfide stages suggest that boiling occurred under hydrostatic pressure of 150 to 280 bars, equivalent to a depth of 1.5 to 2.8 km. Mo mineralization in the retrograde stage predated Cu mineralization which mainly occurred in the quartz-sulfide stage. Fluid compositions indicate that ore-forming fluid has high fO 2 and rich Cu and Mo concentration in the early stage, while relatively lower fO 2 and poor Cu and Mo concentration in the middle to late stages. Microthermometric data show a decreasing trend in temperature and salinity in the fluid evolution process. Decreasing temperature and boiling event may be the main factors that control the ore precipitation.

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“…As for the geologic position coherency, MVT-type Pb-Zn ore deposits mainly occurs in the carbonate breccia layer, which also coincides with some gas/oil reservoirs. Notably, the layer has high porosity and permeability, providing a good reservoir space and favorable trap conditions [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and brine type of formation Mississippi Valley Type Pb-Zn ore deposits: constrained by simulation experiments

Guan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The transformation of kerogen to hydrocarbons in the early stages of oil generation is critical for understanding the resource potential of liquid-rich. Additionally, numerous previous experimental and theoretical studies on Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits have shown a close genetic relationship with the hydrocarbon accumulation for their common coexistence with the oil/gas reservoirs in the world. However, the actual mineralization process of Pb-Zn deposits associated with hydrocarbon fluids lacks sufficient theoretical studies. Here, we focus on the MVT Pb-Zn mineralization, primarily on the influence of mineralization temperature and the type of brines, using geochemical simulation experiments to verify the relationship between the hydrocarbon fluids and Pb-Zn ore deposits. To restore the actual metallogenic environment to the maximum extent possible, we found that with increased temperature (80-180oC), the number of mineralization showed an increasing trend, and no ore deposits have been found under 80oC. Furthermore, the expected mineralization process could occur under the brine mixture solution, NaCl+CaCl2, and hardly under the single solution. Therefore, under the geochemical simulation experiments, temperature, brine type, and so on play an essential role in the mineralization process under the participation of hydrocarbon fluid, which could provide the theoretical explanations of their coupling relationship.

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Nature and Evolution of the Ore-Forming Fluids from Nanmushu Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposit in the Mayuan District, Shaanxi Province, Southwest China

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Characterization of copper ± (gold) vein‐type mineralization along terrain boundary fault, Dubarpeth in Central India: Constraints from fluid inclusion, stable isotope, and in situ trace element geochemistry of sulphides

Characterization of copper ± (gold) vein‐type mineralization along terrain boundary fault, Dubarpeth in Central India: Constraints from fluid inclusion, stable isotope, and in situ trace element geochemistry of sulphides

Fluid Evolution of Fuzishan Skarn Cu-Mo Deposit from the Edong District in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt of China: Evidence from Petrography, Mineral Assemblages, and Fluid Inclusions

Temperature and brine type of formation Mississippi Valley Type Pb-Zn ore deposits: constrained by simulation experiments

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