Technology Trends of Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions: A Patent Landscape Analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the patent landscape for catalysts used in hydrogenation reactions. Based on patent data extracted from PatBase®, we use predefined patent classifications as well as a keyword‐based search for our analyses. The results indicate that the number of patent families that protect heterogeneous catalysts grows twice as fast as that for their homogeneous counterparts. Furthermore, the data show a shift towards abundant and non‐toxic elements in heterogeneous catalysis, while the noble metals continue to dominate the patent landscape of homogeneous catalysis. A subsequent geographical analysis reveals that the high growth rates in heterogeneous catalysis, especially for nickel and iron, are driven by China. Conversely, patenting activities with regard to homogeneous catalysts mainly take place in the USA, the EU, and Japan. The subsequent keyword‐based search illustrates the continuous industrial relevance of enantioselective hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation, as well as the rapidly increasing body of patents in hydrodeoxygenation. Setting these finding into context, we present and apply two concepts that are commonly used in patent analyses, namely the technology life cycle and the S‐curve. We conclude that hydrogenation catalysis has not reached its peak economic relevance yet and will continue to spark valuable patents and innovations in the future.

Palladium Decorated N-Doped Carbon Foam as a Highly Active and Selective Catalyst for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation

“…Catalytic hydrogenation is a widely used process in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries [ 1 ]. More than 90% of the chemical production processes include at least one catalytic step, usually a hydrogenation reaction.…”

Proton Independent Electrocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Styrene with [(tBuPCP)Ir(H)(Cl)] and Water

“…Hydrogenation of organic molecules is a process of paramount importance for the synthesis of base-and fine chemicals, pharmaceutically active compounds, and energy carriers, as well as for biomass valorization, both on industrial and laboratory scale. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] To avoid challenges of handling gaseous H 2 at high temperatures and pressures necessary for chemical hydrogenation (CH), transfer hydrogenation (TH) has matured as a powerful alternative. 1,8,9 TH employs chemical H-donors such as predominantly used isopropanol or formic acid as a substitute for H 2 .…”

The Characterisation of Hydrogen on Nickel and Cobalt Catalysts

“…Of these, ruthenium is in limited supply and thus expensive and nickel catalysts result in large quantities of undesirable methane and can also produce highly toxic nickel carbonyl compounds [1,4]. (However, nickel is a very efficient hydrogenation catalyst and is widely used industrially for this purpose [6][7][8]). Consequently, only iron and cobalt based catalysts are currently used industrially as FT catalysts [1,2].…”