Technology, production and chronology of red window glass in the medieval period – rediscovery of a lost technology

Kunicki-Goldfinger, Jerzy J.; Freestone, Ian C.; McDonald, Iain; Hobot, Jan A.; Gilderdale-Scott, Heather; Ayers, Tim

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.029

Cited by 62 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Third additional colourless layer is overlaying the red. Such composition and structure of the glass is consistent with type B-3 red translucent glass, which was commonly applied from the 12th century [11]. High amount of copper, iron and lead in the third layer (Table 5) can be explained with the presence of decorative paint layers and drawings [20].…”

Section: Composition Of Medieval Red Samplessupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Results from bulk analysis of red samples indicate that the Grodziec glasses contain average 194 ppm of CuO. Thus copper content according to published literature should be expected to be present in a more distinctive amount [11]. Nevertheless, microscopy and SEM studies clarify composition and structure of red samples.…”

Section: Composition Of Medieval Red Samplesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, discrimination of glass produced through the ages can be based on the ratio of specific elements [3]. Medieval glass technology utilized different materials and techniques for gaining specific colour of glass [3,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeometric investigations of medieval stained glass panels from Grodziec in Poland

Wilk¹,

Kamińska²,

Walczak³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Conference LACONA XI

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Two stained glass panels of Austrian origin from the 15th century were formerly placed in Grodziec castle in Poland and nowadays they belong to the collection of the National Museum in Wrocław. The main aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of glass from medieval and modern parts of the panels. Elemental composition of bulk glass and external layers of glass samples was determined with the use of SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS methods. Morphology of the deteriorated glass was investigated through SEM-BSE images of the cross-sections. Moreover, the longitudinal concentration profiles were determined by LA-ICP-MS measurements. Results show that stained glass panels reveal characteristic elemental composition of wood ash glass produced from 1000 to 1400 AD. Almost equal proportions of potassium and calcium oxides indicate that high quality of beech wood was applied by manufacturers. Main and minor elements content was common for almost all investigated glass samples, which suggests that manufacturers follow strictly the assumed recipe during panels production. Differences in elemental composition detected for minor or trace elements were connected to colour additives. Stained glass samples from glazing exhibit composition of typical modern glass. Considerable differences between the composition of healthy bulk glass and the deteriorated surface of glass were detected though SEM-BSE images and LA-ICP-MS longitudinal concentration profiles. High concentrations of lead, copper and iron were noticed in external layers of glass samples, which can be explained by the presence of decorative paint layers and drawings.

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Section: Composition Of Medieval Red Samplessupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Composition Of Medieval Red Samplesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Archaeometric investigations of medieval stained glass panels from Grodziec in Poland

Wilk¹,

Kamińska²,

Walczak³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the International Conference LACONA XI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4) between the colorless and red glass. Similar characteristics have been observed on so-called "type B-3" red glass by (Kunicki-Goldfinger et al, 2014). They apparently correspond with production technology typical for 16th century stained glass.…”

Section: Composition Of the Glasssupporting

confidence: 82%

Swiss Stained-Glass Panels: An Analytical Study

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The history and iconography of Swiss stained glass dating between the 16th and 18th centuries are well studied. However, the chemical and morphological characteristics of the glass and glass paints, particularly the nature of the raw materials, the provenance of the glass, and the technology used to produce it are less well understood. In this paper, we studied two sets of samples from stained-glass panels attributed to Switzerland, which date from the 16th to 17th centuries: the first set comes from Pena National Palace collection, the second from Vitrocentre Romont. The aims were to identify the materials used in the production of the glass, to find out more about their production origin and to characterize the glass paints. Both glass and the glass paints were analysed by particle-induced X-ray emission; the paints were additionally analysed by scanning electron microscopy-electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the glass from both sets was probably produced in the same region and that wood ash was used as a fluxing agent. Different recipes have been used to make the blue enamels. However, the cobalt ore used as a coloring agent in all of the blue enamels came from the mining district in Schneeberg, Germany.

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“…31 This is how the French stained glasses have been preserved. Moreover, in all cases analysed so far, the dye found to be responsible for the red colour of stained glasses of churches is copper-based and contains no gold 32 : 132 examples of medieval red window glass covering the period from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries have been examined, most of them originating from English churches, but also from windows in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain; none of them contain gold.…”

Section: Medieval Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles in the Past: Before the Nanotechnology Era

Louis¹

2017

Gold Nanoparticles for Physics, Chemistry and Biology

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Technology, production and chronology of red window glass in the medieval period – rediscovery of a lost technology

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

Archaeometric investigations of medieval stained glass panels from Grodziec in Poland

Archaeometric investigations of medieval stained glass panels from Grodziec in Poland

Swiss Stained-Glass Panels: An Analytical Study

Gold Nanoparticles in the Past: Before the Nanotechnology Era

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