“…Method employed to conduct this study was meta-analysis (Borenstein et al, 2009;Cumming, 2012). Random effect model was selected as the estimation model applied in this meta-analysis because the primary studies involved had the heterogeneous characteristics such as educational level, group size of intervention, geographical location, instrument, learning tool, and subject (Fuadi et al, 2021;Jaya & Suparman, 2021;Juandi, Kusumah, Tamur, Perbowo, & Tanu, 2021;Juandi, Kusumah, Tamur, Perbowo, Siagian, et al, 2021;Suparman, Juandi, & Tamur, 2021a. According to Cooper et al (2013) and Hunter and Schmidt (2004), there were seven steps conducted in the meta-analysis process.…”