Technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse in Egypt: Prospectives and future challenges

Hellal, Mohamed; Al‐Sayed, Aly; El‐Liethy, Mohamed Azab; Hassan, Gamal K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822134-1.00010-5

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Non-return valves and liquid seal syphon breaks are included in the process pipe work to ensure the operation of each fermenter at constant volume, without the entrance of air or the danger of accidental symphonic action. The advantage of this system and its recommendation as well to use the two-stage fermentation, after the two-stage fermentation of the diluted food waste, the removal of the organics would be higher [22].…”

Section: Fermenter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biofuels (H2&CH4) from Food Leftovers via Dual-Stage Anaerobic Digestion: Enhancement of Bioenergy Production and Determination of Metabolic Fingerprinting of Microbial Communities

et al. 2021

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Proper management of food waste has become a major cause of concern over the past few years in both developed and developing countries. This work aimed to properly treat food leftovers through 2-stage anaerobic fermentation at mesophilic temperature for biofuel production (H2 and CH4) and correlate this with the metabolic fingerprints of the most dominant bacterial strains in the two biofermenters. The diversity of bacterial communities in the surface, middle and bottom levels of the hydrogen fermenter as well as in the methane fermenter was examined. Moreover, the phenotypic identification and metabolic fingerprints for the bacterial strains was carried out using Biolog GEN III. The dominant bacterial strain responsible for hydrogen production was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. While, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila was the most dominant in the methane fermenter. The total energy production was improved by 22.2% in case of increasing HRT for the first fermenter from 17h to 34h.

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Section: Fermenter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biofuels (H2&CH4) from Food Leftovers via Dual-Stage Anaerobic Digestion: Enhancement of Bioenergy Production and Determination of Metabolic Fingerprinting of Microbial Communities

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different wastewater treatment technologies have been used in Egypt through 412 wastewater treatment plants [15,16]. Some of these technologies are passively aerated biological filters, constructed wetlands, oxidation ponds, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket, membrane bioreactors, up-flow anaerobic bio-filter reactor, and activated sludge [16,17]. Egypt has employed wastewater reuse for agriculture since 1911, when untreated and partially treated wastewater was reused for irrigation at the Algabal Al-Asfar farm in the Eastern Desert, 25 kilometres northeast of Cairo [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the Egyptian Code for Reusing Treated Wastewater for Agriculture

Ahmed

Shalaby

Negim

et al. 2022

Sohag Engineering Journal

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Egypt's limited water resources and rising water demand are critical to the country's economy and food security. This predicament encouraged the development of non-traditional water resources in order to bridge the gap between supply and demand for water. treated wastewater (TWW) reuse for irrigation is a viable alternative for closing this gap and conserving traditional water resources for residential and urban usage. TWW is a valuable source of nutrients in most wastewater treatment technologies, and it can improve the physicochemical properties of light-textured soils in the long run. Pathogens and the accumulation of harmful chemical substances, on the other hand, are the principal problems that can prevent TWW reuse in agriculture. This study compares Egyptian treated wastewater quality parameters for irrigation with those of other countries throughout the world, focusing on the environmental and health risks associated with the use of treated wastewater. Finally, the acceptable health parameters of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes were reviewed to preserve the health of the Egyptians.

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“…The nanofiltration units are characterized by the dimensions and performance of pores located between reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) units, which makes them mainly qualified for the removal of binary salts and organic molecules with an atomic mass unit ranging from 200 to 1000 Da. It also differs from RO units in that it requires low operating pressure 4,5 .Additionally, brackish water, which makes up more than half of the world's groundwater, has been treated using these membranes [6][7][8] . For academics and decision-makers, the value of utilizing brackish water as an unconventional water resource is increased by this global percentage of brackish water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, brackish water, which makes up more than half of the world's groundwater, has been treated using these membranes [6][7][8] . For academics and decision-makers, the value of utilizing brackish water as an unconventional water resource is increased by this global percentage of brackish water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting brackish water treatment via integration of mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs with thin-film nanofiltration membranes

Hassan

Al–Shemy

Adel

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In this study, a simple method based on non-ionic surfactant polysorbates-80 was used to create mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs. The properties of the prepared mesoporous alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) were verified using ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, and BET surface area analysis. Then, thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membranes were fabricated by interfacial polymerization of embedded polyamide layers with varied contents (0.01 to 0.15 wt.%) of mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs. The surface roughness, porosity, pore size, and contact angle parameters of all the prepared membranes were also determined. The performance of the fabricated membranes was investigated under various mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs loads, time, and pressure conditions. Mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs revealed an important role in raising both the membrane hydrophilicity and the surface negativity. The addition of 0.03 wt.% mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs to the TFN membrane increased water flux threefold compared to the TF control (TFC) membrane, with maximum water flux reaching 96.5, 98, 60, and 52 L/(m2.h) for MgSO4, MgCl2, Na2SO4, and NaCl influent solutions, respectively, with the highest salt rejection of 96.5%, 92.2%, 98.4%. The TFN-Al2O3 membrane was also able to soften water and remove polyvalent cations such as Mg2+ with a highly permeable flux. The TFN-Al2O3 membrane successfully removed the hardness of the applied water samples below the WHO limit compared to using merely the TFC membrane. Furthermore, the TFN-Al2O3 nanofiltration membrane unit proved to be a promising candidate for the desalination of real brine like that collected from the Safaga area, Egypt.

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Technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse in Egypt: Prospectives and future challenges

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Production of Biofuels (H2&CH4) from Food Leftovers via Dual-Stage Anaerobic Digestion: Enhancement of Bioenergy Production and Determination of Metabolic Fingerprinting of Microbial Communities

Production of Biofuels (H2&CH4) from Food Leftovers via Dual-Stage Anaerobic Digestion: Enhancement of Bioenergy Production and Determination of Metabolic Fingerprinting of Microbial Communities

Comparative Study of the Egyptian Code for Reusing Treated Wastewater for Agriculture

Boosting brackish water treatment via integration of mesoporous γ-Al2O3NPs with thin-film nanofiltration membranes

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