Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review

Tsolaki, Efi; Diamadopoulos, Evan

doi:10.1002/jctb.2276

Cited by 277 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Depending on the design and application, the hydrocyclones require less pump pressure than screen filters and allow separation of sediments and other suspended solids to approximately 20 µm. 115 A combination of filtration and cyclonic separation have been shown to be over 90% effective at removing micro-and macro-zooplankton from the ballast water. However, phytoplankton removal was only 30% effective.…”

Section: Mechanical Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine biosecurity: protecting indigenous marine species

Cook¹,

Payne²,

Macleod³

et al. 2016

RRBS

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Nonindigenous species (NIS) are those that have been intentionally or unintentionally introduced outside of their native range as a consequence of human activity. If these species then threaten indigenous species and biodiversity, and/or cause economic damage, they are referred to as "invasive." Biological invasions are not only one of the greatest threats to indigenous marine biodiversity, but they can also cause massive economic and ecological damage. Their presence could also lead to a water body failing to achieve good environmental status under the forthcoming EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. As the rate of invasion to Great Britain and European waters continues to increase, particularly in light of climate change, the emphasis by member states is on prevention rather than on control or eradication an NIS once an invasive NIS has become established. This paper reviews NIS biosecurity planning for the marine environment, including the most current legislative background, pathway identification and highlights the main issues with the current risk assessment processes. The potential impacts of marine NIS, practical biosecurity measures from Great Britain and internationally are also reviewed. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the challenges associated with preventing the introduction of marine NIS and to highlight the urgent need for concerted action across the EU member states and marine industries to produce robust biosecurity plans to protect indigenous species.

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Section: Mechanical Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine biosecurity: protecting indigenous marine species

Cook¹,

Payne²,

Macleod³

et al. 2016

RRBS

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“…Several authors have addressed the formation potential of DBPs in chlorinated and ozonated ballast water (Gregg et al, 2009;Bowmer andLinders 2010 andTsolaki andDiamadopoulos 2010). However, there is a lack of information about the causes and mechanisms of DBP formation, and the effects of different DBPs to the marine aquatic environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection by-products and ecotoxicity of ballast water after oxidative treatment – Results and experiences from seven years of full-scale testing of ballast water management systems

Delacroix

Vogelsang

Tobiesen

et al. 2013

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Since 2005, five different ballast water management systems (BWMS) based on chlorination treatment have been tested by Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA) according to guidelines from the International Maritime Organization (IMO). 25 % and >50 % of all the tested discharge samples exhibited acute and chronic toxic effects on algae, respectively. In most cases this toxicity was plausibly caused by a high free residual oxidant (FRO) level (>0.08 mg Cl/l). Of the 22 disinfection by-products (DBPs) that were identified in treated water at discharge, four compounds were at times found at concentrations that may pose a risk to the local aquatic environment. However, there seemed to be no clear indication that the measured DBP concentrations contributed to the observed algal toxicity. The addition of methylcellulose instead of lignin in the test water to comply with IMO requirements seemed to limit the formation of DBP.

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“…BWM systems are designed to remove, kill, or inactivate organisms in ballast water prior to discharge. Several systems have been developed as BWM options (Tsolaki and Diamadopoulos 2010). The dominant systems combine removal by filtering, or hydrocyclonage, with physical or chemical disinfection.…”

Section: Ballast Water Management Conventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballast Water Risk Indication for the North Sea

et al. 2016

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The ballast water from ships carries marine organisms that have invasive potential. The International Maritime Organization Ballast Water Management Convention (2004) requires ballast water exchange or ballast water management (BWM) systems either onboard or ashore. Ships can be exempted on the basis of risk assessment, when exclusively sailing between specific ports or in an enclosed area. In reply to our questionnaire, the shipping sector argues that the North Sea is ecologically homogeneous and exemptions could therefore be granted. This paper proposes that the North Sea area is, in fact, not homogeneous in terms of hydrographical and biological conditions; therefore, ballast water is a relevant transport mechanism for organisms. Within the North Sea, the short shipping routes indicate a high risk for survival. We examined actual simulation models for ballast water risk assessment in the North Sea, and we have identified the major parameters that need to be included in such models. These models provided a basis; they further need to be combined and adapted for the purpose of evaluating the rationale for an exemption. We concluded that exemptions from BWM are not recommended for the North Sea area. Anticipating the Ballast Water Management Convention, ship owners might do well to study possibilities for installing BWM systems onboard.

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Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review

Cited by 277 publications

References 46 publications

Marine biosecurity: protecting indigenous marine species

Marine biosecurity: protecting indigenous marine species

Disinfection by-products and ecotoxicity of ballast water after oxidative treatment – Results and experiences from seven years of full-scale testing of ballast water management systems

Ballast Water Risk Indication for the North Sea

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