Technological transfers in the Mediterranean on the verge of Romanization: Insights from the waterproofing renders of Nora (Sardinia, Italy)

Secco, Michele; Dilaria, Simone; Bonetto, Jacopo; Addis, Anna; Tamburini, S.; Preto, Nereo; Ricci, Giulia; Artioli, Gilberto

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2020.01.010

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, a few samples such as TOR_10, TOR_12, TOR_13 and TOR_15, are characterized by a mixture mainly composed of sand and clayey soil, with the addition of a small quantity of lime, as they are characterized by low content of calcite and higher amounts of amorphous, chlorite and silicate phases. The amorphous content may indicate the presence of paracrystalline phases related to hydraulic reaction products such as C-S–H, AFm and M-S–H phases 19 . SEM–EDS results are consistent with those obtained by XRPD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 E). Generally, the presence of Si, Al and Mg in the binder matrixes may indicate the formation of hydrated magnesium silico-aluminate phases (M-A-S–H) after reaction between the lime binder and Mg-rich phyllosilicates (or other reactive silicates) of the aggregate fraction 19 , 62 , 63 . This is confirmed by the exceptional evidence of Mg-Si-Al-rich lumps in TOR_13, indicating pozzolanic reactions and the unusual formation of almost pure M-A-S–H lumps (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is a powerful technique able to detect mineralogical phases resulting from pozzolanic reactions (C–S–H, AFm, M-S–H), delayed hydraulic reactions and newly formed phases containing carbonate formed over a relatively long period (LDHs), that could be responsible of an underestimation of the age 17 – 19 . LDHs, as hydrotalcite-like minerals, are mixed hydroxides with lamellar structure in which M 3+ cations partially substitute for M 2+ cations and the positive charge is balanced by anions (often carbonate) and water molecules arranged in interlayers in alternation with the octahedral layers 20 , 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated multi-analytical screening approach for reliable radiocarbon dating of ancient mortars

Ricci

Secco

Addis³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Radiocarbon dating of the carbonate binder of historical mortars is a strategic research topic not lacking in complexities. The critical step is the separation of anthropogenic CaCO3-binder from other carbonate sources that could severely affect the resulting dates. Here we present a complete procedure for the processing and characterization of difficult mortars and of the separated binder fractions in order to assess a priori the chances of positively dating the mortar, and produce a binder fraction yielding the most reliable radiocarbon dates possible. Two complex architectural case studies from Northern Italy are presented and discussed in detail: the churches of Santa Maria Maggiore (Lomello, Pavia) and Santa Maria (Torba, Varese). The results support that both the reliability assessment and the successful radiocarbon dating are possible through a multi-analytical approach encompassing mineralogical and petrographic characterization, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, measurement of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes, and optical cathodoluminescence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated multi-analytical screening approach for reliable radiocarbon dating of ancient mortars

Ricci

Secco

Addis³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The presence of chlorine and sodium in the analysed mortars may give a clue on this aspect and clarify specific technological choices. For example, these two components in the binding matrices and pozzolanic lumps of some Nora plasters (used for waterproofing this Punic-Roman site's cisterns in Sardinia, Italy) made the authors suggest the use of seawater for their preparation (Secco et al 2020).…”

Section: A(4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortars, plasters and pigments—research questions and sampling criteria

Gliozzo

Pizzo

Russa

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Within the Topical Collection, this paper represents an introductory contribution aimed at describing and discussing the research questions and the sampling criteria in the field of mortars, plasters and pigments studies. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, some terminological issues are clarified and the building archaeology is introduced as an indispensable method for sampling and interpreting archaeometric results. In the second part, the most common research questions are presented and discussed. Some case studies are also reported to clarify what the expected results may be. The sampling problem is faced in the third part, where the criteria for a representative, functional and suitable selection are provided.

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“…The identification of the volcanic materials used as fine aggregate in the mortars of the Roman era and the criteria for their selection and use over the centuries have been addressed in numerous studies and publications over the past 20 years (D'Ambrosio et al, 2015; Jackson et al, 2007, 2009, 2010; Marra & D'Ambrosio, 2013; Marra et al, 2013; Marra, D'Ambrosio, et al, 2015; Marra, Danti, & Gaeta, 2015; Secco et al, 2019, 2020). In particular, the petrographic analysis in thin section has been integrated with a geochemical ‘fingerprinting’ method based on the properties of trace elements (i.e., Zr, Y, Nb, Th, Ta and Ti) insensitive to alteration processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographical and geochemical criteria for a chronology of Roman mortars between the first century bce and the second century ce: The Curia of Pompey the Great

Marra

D'Ambrosio²,

Gaeta

et al. 2022

Archaeometry

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Thirteen samples of mortar collected from different masonry structures of the Curia of Pompey the Great and from three mixtilinear basins located within the Sacred Area of Largo Argentina of Rome were studied. Despite the use of the same volcanic deposit, known as ‘Pozzolane Rosse’, to produce the fine aggregate in all these mortars, it was possible to highlight some distinctive features through the combination of geochemical analyses on selected trace elements and petrographic analysis under an optical microscope, allowing the three groups of mortars to be distinguished. These types of mortars reflect a perfect coincidence between the diversity of the volcanic materials used and the different construction phases identified and documented by the analysis of the stratigraphic units: a first construction phase of Pompeian age, a second phase of Augustan age and a final phase in the medieval period. Furthermore, it was possible to ascertain two phases of construction of the basins, the second coeval with the interventions of the Augustan period. Finally, this study increases knowledge about the methods of exploitation and selection of volcanic materials used to produce mortars in the Roman period, identifying additional elements useful to establish their origin and chronology of use.

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Technological transfers in the Mediterranean on the verge of Romanization: Insights from the waterproofing renders of Nora (Sardinia, Italy)

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Integrated multi-analytical screening approach for reliable radiocarbon dating of ancient mortars

Integrated multi-analytical screening approach for reliable radiocarbon dating of ancient mortars

Mortars, plasters and pigments—research questions and sampling criteria

Petrographical and geochemical criteria for a chronology of Roman mortars between the first century bce and the second century ce: The Curia of Pompey the Great

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