Technological tools for sustainable development in developing countries: The example of Africa, a review

Omwoma, Solomon; Lalah, Joseph O.; Kueppers, Stephan; Wang, Yawei; Lenoir, Dieter; Schramm, Karl‐Werner

doi:10.1016/j.scp.2017.10.001

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Omwoma et al [10] developed a literature review to show some technological tools, including LCA, to mitigate the environmental impacts of developing countries. Among the range of methodologies used to analyze environmental profiles, the most extensive method is the LCA [11].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2016–2026 Period

2018

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The present paper aims to evaluate the past and future environmental performance of the electricity generation in Brazil in terms of Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Global Temperature Potential (GTP). To that end, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool was used to evaluate the system's environmental performance, based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, using the Ecoinvent v 3.3 database. This study provides data on global warming by the GWP and GTP 100 years impact category. The functional unit and reference flow is kWh. The model was applied to the electricity generation in Brazil for the years 2016-2026 using Umberto NXT Universal software. The results indicate that the greatest environmental impacts lie on generation sources such as oil, natural gas, hydropower and hard coal. Carbon dioxide was the main contributor to atmospheric emissions in the life cycle of the Brazilian electricity matrix in 2016 and 2026. The total potential impact (and per kWh) is expected to decrease until 2021. The Brazilian electricity matrix is expected to be less pollutant in terms of carbon footprint until 2021. The study can contribute to directing public policies, promoting development actions and encouraging different electricity matrices.

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Section: Life Cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2016–2026 Period

2018

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“…Understanding, that it is a process, SSA countries are gradually making some strides toward a change. The paradigm shift relates to integrated solid waste management actions, which involve: (1) source collection and recycling, (2) creation of modern sanitary landfill equipped with sorting and recycling plant (Energy recovery facility), (3) construction of suitable transfer station networks, (4) timely closure of uncontrolled dumpsites and rehabilitation projects (5) leachate controls (bottom lining and leachate collection systems, (6) gas controls (landfill gas recovery/capturing, gas collection systems with flares or gas utilisation systems for the production of electricity and steam) as suggested by some researchers (Beylot et al, 2013;Koroneos and Nanaki, 2012;Omwoma et al, 2017).…”

Section: Public/private Participation and Engagement Vs Government/comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a methane gas collection system could be utilised for the production of electricity, which could be transmitted to the national grid (Beylot et al, 2013) in these developing countries. However, the viability and acceptability of the technology working in some African countries could be debated due to the poor maintenance culture (Omwoma et al, 2017) and the existing poor infrastructure. The African Energy Policy Research Network continues to support and promulgate information and research towards electricity generation from urban solid waste for many countries in Africa (AFREPREN, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analyses of the status of landfill classification systems in developing countries: Sub Saharan Africa landfill experiences

et al. 2019

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) management remains a challenge in developing countries due to increasing waste generation, high costs associated with waste management and the structure of the containment systems implemented. This study analyses the classification of landfilling systems by using documented cases reported mainly in publications in waste management in relation to nonengineered landfilling systems/approved dumpsites in Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2000 to 2018. The work identifies an existing system for the classification of landfill sites and utilises this system to determine the situation of landfill sites in SSA countries. Each article was categorised according to the main landfilling management practice reported: Uncontrolled dumping, semi controlled facility, medium controlled facility, medium/high-engineered facility or high state-of theart facility. Findings suggested that 80% of the documented cases of landfill sites assessed in SSA countries were classified as level 0 or 1. The structure of the containment and controlled regime were identified by the focus group discussion participants as important predictors of possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the landfill sites considered. The study represents the first identifiable and comprehensive academic evaluation of landfill site classification based on site operations reported in the available peer reviewed literature. The information provides insight on the status of landfill sites in SSA countries with respect to the landfilling management practice and a baseline for alternative corrective measures.

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“…To this day there are no technical nor economical alternatives to conventional sewerage models for situations with especial requirements, such as rural/developing areas and/or zones where the conservation of the natural landscape is mandatory. These cases necessitate the search for solutions from a radically different viewpoint (Czemiel Berndtsson, 2002;Omwoma et al, 2017). Providing reliable and affordable sewerage and wastewater treatment in developing countries is nowadays a huge challenge.…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically Designed Sanitary Sewer Based on Constructed Wetlands Technology � Case Study in Managua (Nicaragua)

Morales

Romero

Garvi

et al. 2017

JGE

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In developed countries the sanitation and treatment of urban wastewater is well sustained and technically solved by means of conventional pipe networks and subsequent centralized treatments. However, developing countries lack these infrastructures and are in need of sustainable, decentralized and economically viable solutions for the disposal of their urban wastewaters. In addition to this, there are situations where the demands of conservation of natural spaces do not allow intensive constructive procedures and which force the implementation of sanitary engineering with less environmental impact. We present the Ecological Wastewater Sewer (EWS), an ecological urban sewerage system that simultaneously transports wastewater and improves its This is an Open Access publication. c 2017 the Author(s). All rights reserved. 422 L. Pozo-Morales et al. quality. This innovative technology is an alternative to conventional sanitation piping that has minimal environmental impact. It is based on a successful previous work for the improvement of artificial wetlands in a pilot scheme and at full-scale on a test site. The EWS is a channel-shaped device that relies on the application of two key developments: a carefully designed cornered stones layout, and the creation of a natural aeration system. This way, it acts as a separating sewage system that guarantees the presence of a chamber of circulating air within the transportation unit, favouring permanent aerobic conditions in the upper levels of the mass of wastewater. Furthermore, its capacity to settle suspended solids allows the EWS to be used as a sedimentor in water purification processes. A real-life application of this system proved successful in the sanitation of a district of Managua (Nicaragua). Working with a 100-metre-long street of 20 one-story houses, the system is reported to still be in full operating order after six years. The conclusions and results drawn from its monitoring are meticulously explained in our paper, as well as the recommendations & guidelines for the design of more EWS units, with aim to the popularization of this affordable, efficient and green approach to wastewater sanitation.

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Technological tools for sustainable development in developing countries: The example of Africa, a review

Cited by 33 publications

References 164 publications

Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2016–2026 Period

Carbon Footprint of Electricity Generation in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2016–2026 Period

An analyses of the status of landfill classification systems in developing countries: Sub Saharan Africa landfill experiences

Ecologically Designed Sanitary Sewer Based on Constructed Wetlands Technology � Case Study in Managua (Nicaragua)

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