Technological strategies and the economy of raw materials in the TK (Thiongo Korongo) lower occupation, Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

The larger mammal palimpsest from TK (Thiongo Korongo), Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

“…2), Sector A (SA) and Sector B (SB) (Santonja et al, 2014), immediately adjacent to M. Leakey's 1963 trenches. This new work reveals that the materials in M. Leakey's (1971: 186) Trench II correspond stratigraphically and topographically to TKLF and, hence, do not correspond with TKUF (see discussion in Santonja et al, 2014: 184).…”

“…Two different chaînes op eratoires were identified in TKLF: one based on obtaining flakes from volcanic rocks and quartzite, and the second on the manufacture of standardized hand axe that were produced, used, and abandoned at the site (Santonja et al, 2014). In addition to the artifacts, numerous small cobbles between 6 and 29 g and sizes from 2 Â 2 to 3 Â 4 cm have been observed.…”

“…In addition to the artifacts, numerous small cobbles between 6 and 29 g and sizes from 2 Â 2 to 3 Â 4 cm have been observed. Santonja et al (2014) argue that these materials may have been incorporated via natural mechanisms such as fluvial transport or overland flow conditioned by a small channel.…”

“…section ( Fig. 3) is about 8.90 m thick, of which 7.25 m corresponds to Bed II, 1.25 m to Bed III, and 0.40 m to Bed IV (Santonja et al, 2014).…”

A new type of anvil in the Acheulian of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov, Israel

“…in the Olduvai sites: [26,[60][61][62][63]), as no evidence for this type of technique was observed within the lithic assemblages of GBY. It should also be stressed that, while the removal of flakes from anvils has been shown to be spontaneous in the African record, where any evidence of conchoidal fracturing is lacking [57,60,62], at GBY all the flake scars on the anvils display clear features of direct percussion.…”