Technological Scheme of Complex Peat Processing for Obtaining of Multifunctional Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Powders

The article The article examines the possibility of extracting sod fuel peat to replace imported coal. A possible raw material base is considered for producing molded solid peat-based fuel in permafrost conditions. The production of molded peat products in the form of sod peat is proposed as an option. The experimental work on drying sod peat shows that peat can be extracted and dried to standard moisture content in the conditions of northern Yakutia. A flowsheet of producing sod peat from lake peat by hydraulicking is presented. According to the flowsheet the peat mass is loosened, liquefied by lake water, sucked in by a dredger pump and pumped through a pulp pipeline to the shore, where it is dewatered in geotubes to the molding water content. After dewatering, the geotubes are cut and the peat mass is loaded into a peat spreader mixing the peat, forming it into cylindrical pieces, and spreading it on a drying field. When molded, the peat structure is modified chemically to obtain strong and durable products. Having reached sufficient strength, peat sods are piled in a stack supplied with a trench for artificial ventilation at its base. The peat is dried to a final moisture content of 24–30%.

Peat Extraction from Lake Sediments in the Northern Districts, the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic

Kuporova

Belyakov

2021

Directions for the Rational Use of Additional Organic and Mineral Resources of Peat Deposits

Misnicow

Iablonev

2021

The article discusses the issues of insufficient use of organic and mineral resources of peat deposits (substandard peat, mineralised sapropel, wood inclusions of peat deposit, organomineral deposits, etc.). The authors propose a structural scheme of directions of processing and use of organic and organomineral biogenic resources. It includes obtaining various types of composite formed materials for their application in four main directions: energy, agricultural production, environmental protection, and construction industry. Mineral clay components improve the ability of composite materials to be shaped by extrusion and pelletising methods. Some of them also have catalytic activity, which is the basis for their use in thermochemical processing. In peat raw materials, subjected to the process of self-heating during the storage, there is a change of the group chemical composition with the formation of hydrophobic compounds (termobitums). This opens up additional perspectives of their extraction and usage for hydrophobic modification of mineral disperse materials. The classification of industrial wastes and organomineral resources of peat deposits according to the required qualitative characteristics with the indication of possible directions of additional processing is presented in the paper.

Estimation of Rational Modes and Regimes of Production of Sod Peat with Milling-Forming Machine by Quality Indicators

Guseva

2021

Modern trends in designing mining machines dictate that their power consumption should be reduced. However, the end product quality is often not taken into account. The objective of the research is to improve the operation of a screw press of the milling and moulding machine used for producing sod peat in order to ensure the necessary quality of domestic fuel. To that end, the authors conducted an experiment simulating the sod peat production and determined the density and strength of the sod obtained during the improved machine operation. The experiments were carried out for the three pressure coefficients, further, the coefficient influence on the sod density and strength was evaluated. The sod peat density was assessed with modern electronic devices having a low error rate. The novelty of the research is to reconcile the issues of ensuring the minimum power consumption for producing domestic sod biofuel with its qualitative characteristics. The obtained indicators of the sod peat quality in terms of density and strength prove its improved moulding along with the minimum power consumption at a pressure coefficient of 2.22. Thus, the improved production of sod peat requires minimum power consumption, provides the required quality of the end sod and reduces the loss of feedstock due to crumbling.