Technological progress of axial magnetic field vacuum interrupters

Charge state, angular distribution, and kinetic energy of ions from multicomponent-cathodes in vacuum arc devices

“…The vacuum-arc-produced metal plasma is used, for example, in vacuum arc ion sources (sometimes called Mevva ion sources, for metal vapor vacuum arc) 9,10 to form intense, energetic metal ion beams for ion implantation [11][12][13] and for particle accelerator injection, [14][15][16] in plasma generators for coating deposition, [17][18][19] and in high-current switches. 20,21 Interest in the plasma produced by vacuum arcs utilizing composite cathodes made of two or more different materials follows from the option of then generating multi-component ion beams for concurrent multi-element ion implantation, 22 the formation of composite metal coatings by vacuum arc deposition, [23][24][25][26][27][28] and from the use in vacuum arc switches of multicomponent cathodes 29 providing high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity while sustaining low ion erosion and contact weldability (materials often used in such switch electrodes are binary alloys like copper-bismuth, copper-antimony, and copper-beryllium. 30 ) Research in the plasma physics of vacuum arcs with multicomponent cathodes is thus of both fundamental 31 …”

Determination of the Power Balance for Thin Ag–SnO₂ Electrodes Submitted to an Electric Arc Based on IR Thermography

“…Other optical measurements were also performed in vacuum. Schellekens et al [34] and Watanabe et al [35] measured, using a fast visible camera and a single wavelength pyrometer, the surface temperature reached at the time of zero crossing of the arc current for 50 Hz arcs of high intensities (several tens of kA) in vacuum and Cu and Cu-Cr electrodes. The integration time was between 0.1 and 1 ms respectively.…”

Numerical investigation on the influence of circuit breaker structure parameters on vacuum arc behaviors

“…An external magnetic field exerts a considerable influence on vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs). Many researchers studied the vacuum arc under the influence of magnetic fields [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. An external transverse magnetic field (ETMF) may weaken the interruption capacity of VCBs.…”