Technological Development and Application of Photo and Video Theodolites

Paar, Rinaldo; Roić, Miodrag; Marendić, Ante; Miletić, Stjepan

doi:10.3390/app11093893

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To solve this problem, Walser et al [ 15 ] developed an image total station. The image-assisted total station primarily uses two types of sensors, a camera, and laser, as automatic measurement equipment [ 94 ] ( Figure 6 ). The laser sensor is primarily used for ranging, and the cameras are divided into wide-angle and telescope cameras.…”

Section: Vision–laser-based Infrastructure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Vision-Laser-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring

Zhou

Tang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Structural health and construction security are important problems in civil engineering. Regular infrastructure inspection and monitoring methods are mostly performed manually. Early automatic structural health monitoring techniques were mostly based on contact sensors, which usually are difficult to maintain in complex infrastructure environments. Therefore, non-contact infrastructure inspection and monitoring techniques received increasing interest in recent years, and they are widely used in all aspects of infrastructure life, owing to their convenience and non-destructive properties. This paper provides an overview of vision-based inspection and vision–laser-based monitoring techniques and applications. The inspection part includes image-processing algorithms, object detection, and semantic segmentation. In particular, infrastructure monitoring involves not only visual technologies but also different fusion methods of vision and lasers. Furthermore, the most important challenges for future automatic non-contact inspections and monitoring are discussed and the paper correspondingly concludes with state-of-the-art algorithms and applications to resolve these challenges.

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Section: Vision–laser-based Infrastructure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Vision-Laser-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring

Zhou

Tang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…If you would like to obtain more detailed results of the observed object, it is recommended to use several independent methods of measuring the response of the structure. The results of the contactless vibration measurement methods used should be compared with each other, as presented in [15,17]. Recently, many authors [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] have dealt with the use and accuracy of GNSS-derived results and ground-based scanners and ground-based radar interferometry [26] in determining the dynamic response and in various types of object monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronisation of Contactless Vibration Monitoring Methods

Kovačić¹,

Mursec²,

Lubej³

2022

Int. j. simul. model.

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Today, the analysis of the behaviour of structures represents an important area of engineering, where we are mainly interested in the response of the structure to certain influences.The article and research are based on the theoretical foundations of structural monitoring using contactless methods and discuss the practical analysis and simulation of synchronization of structural response to various artificially induced load cases. The responses of the structure were recorded through various parameters, such as displacement, speed and acceleration, with the help of geodetic (Robotic Total Station -RTS and Global Navigation Satellite System -GNSS) and physical equipment (triaxial geophone). When using geodetic equipment, in addition to the possibility of final synchronization of results, we were also interested in the actual influence of the frequency of data acquisition on the accuracy of measured values. Special attention was paid to spectral analysis, to which we added practical value through data processing using Fourier transform algorithms.

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“…The main aim of geodetic monitoring is to determine statistically significant geometric changes in size, shape, and position between two or more measuring epochs [ 6 ]. According to the monitoring data, an action can be taken on the construction to prevent material and non-material damages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern TS are multi-sensor systems that can very precisely and accurately determine the three-dimensional coordinates of target points by combining horizontal angle, vertical angle, and distance measurements [ 8 ]. Today, many different sensors and measurement methods are combined in TS along with their integration into global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, wireless communication and operation using a controller, additional cameras for documentation (Image-Assisted Total Stations—IATS), and IATS with a scanning function (Image-Assisted Scanning Total Stations—IASTS) [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, IATS instruments can solve different engineering tasks and applications in semi-automated object reconstruction systems [ 24 ], fully automated deformation monitoring systems [ 25 ], industrial measurement systems [ 26 ], measurements of dynamic displacements by means of high-frequency image measurements [ 27 ], the capturing of additional information such as natural frequencies or intensity fluctuations of patterns using an image sensor to derive the temperature gradient of the atmosphere as a decisive influence parameter for angular refraction effects [ 28 ], and the monitoring of cracks [ 27 , 29 ]. IATS basic principles were shown and described in many studies [ 4 , 6 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In addition to the above-mentioned well known geodetic instruments, sensors, and systems, geodesists today can also perform structural monitoring of structures using state-of-the-art Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) and ground-based radar interferometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibration Monitoring of Civil Engineering Structures Using Contactless Vision-Based Low-Cost IATS Prototype

Paar

Marendić

Jakopec

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The role and importance of geodesists in the planning and building of civil engineering constructions are well known. However, the importance and benefits of collected data during maintenance in exploitation have arisen in the last thirty years due primarily to the development of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) instruments, sensors and systems, which can receive signals from multiple GPS systems. In the last fifteen years, the development of Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) and Image-Assisted Total Stations (IATS) has enabled much wider integration of these types of geodetic instruments with their sensors into monitoring systems for the displacement and deformation monitoring of structures, as well as for regular structure inspections. While GNSS sensors have certain limitations regarding their accuracy, their suitability in monitoring systems, and the need for a clean horizon, IATS do not have these limitations. The latest development of Total Stations (TS) called IATS is a theodolite that consists of a Robotic Total Station (RTS) with integrated image sensors. Today, IATS can be used for structural and geo-monitoring, i.e., for the determination of static and dynamic displacements and deformations, as well as for the determination of civil engineering structures’ natural frequencies. In this way, IATS can provide essential information about the current condition of structures. However, like all instruments and sensors, they have their advantages and disadvantages. IATS’s biggest advantage is their high level of accuracy and precision and the fact that they do not need to be set up on the structure, while their biggest disadvantage is that they are expensive. In this paper, the developed low-cost IATS prototype, which consists of an RTS Leica TPS1201 instrument and GoPro Hero5 camera, is presented. At first, the IATS prototype was tested in the laboratory where simulated dynamic displacements were determined. After the experiment, the IATS prototype was used in the field for the purpose of static and dynamic load testing of the railway bridge Kloštar, after its reconstruction according to HRN ISO NORM U.M1.046—Testing of bridges by load test. In this article, the determination of bridge dynamic displacements and results of the computation of natural frequencies using FFT from the measurement data obtained by means of IATS are presented. During the load testing of the bridge, the frequencies were also determined by accelerometers, and these data were used as a reference for the assessment of IATS accuracy and suitability for dynamic testing. From the conducted measurements, we successfully determined natural bridge frequencies as they match the results gained by accelerometers.

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Technological Development and Application of Photo and Video Theodolites

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

A Review of Vision-Laser-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring

A Review of Vision-Laser-Based Civil Infrastructure Inspection and Monitoring

Synchronisation of Contactless Vibration Monitoring Methods

Vibration Monitoring of Civil Engineering Structures Using Contactless Vision-Based Low-Cost IATS Prototype

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