Technological Continuity, Technological 'Survival': the Use of Horizontal Mills in Western Ireland,c. 1632–1940

Technical and functional analysis of Albolafia waterwheel (Cordoba, Spain): 3D modeling, computational-fluid dynamics simulation and finite-element analysis

“…From these data and Eqs. (6) and (7), we calculated an average flow velocity of the water at the inlet of the channel to the waterwheel of 0.91 m/s. Therefore, the volume domain used in each simulation rose to 3.41 m 3 /s, determined from the average operation with respect to the characteristics of the river described above.…”

“…Numerous studies have examined horizontal waterwheels (used mainly in streams of low flow) in terms of hydraulic performance [4,5] and industrial archeology [6] and even with respect to engineering graphics [7,8], but vertical waterwheels have not been studied from a holistic perspective, including a technical and functional analysis. Furthermore, water-management studies describe and quantify the remains of the historical hydraulic heritage, or geographical density and the consequences of its use.…”

Ireland's longest serving millstone quarry? Millstone Mountain in the Mourn Mountains, Co. Down, Nothern Ireland

“…This research as part of a (now completed) PhD focusing on the millstone quarries of Ireland has identifi ed 57 examples on the island of Ireland as a whole. These date predominantly from the post-medieval period, although the arrival and widespread use of milling technology into Ireland by the sixth and seventh centuries AD (Rynne 2011) suggests the production of indigenous millstones from the same centuries onwards.…”