Technical and functional analysis of Albolafia waterwheel (Cordoba, Spain): 3D modeling, computational-fluid dynamics simulation and finite-element analysis

Castro-García, Miguel; Rojas‐Sola, José Ignacio; Fuente, Eduardo De la Morena-De la

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.047

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Although the origin of the watermills is unknown, there is evidence of their use in the first century BC by the ancient Greek and Roman civilisations, long before the invention of windmills, so these devices could be considered as the origin in the use of renewable energy. 20 In Europe, the most common type of watermill has been the horizontal-wheeled, because it is simpler than the verticalwheeled variant. To illustrate this, this project has focussed on a singular group of mills located in the southwest of Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermills: The Origin of the Use of Renewable Hydraulic Energy in Spain

Sánchez-Jiménez¹,

González²

2018

Industrial Archaeology Review

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The use of renewable hydraulic energy sources by mankind most likely has its origins in the development of the watermills. To understand the functioning of these mills, this article first reviews, through the analysis of different bibliographical sources, the technical evolution of the machinery used since the appearance of the first watermills to grind cereal grain in the 1st century BC.Secondly, a particular area of the southwest of Spain, Alcalá de Guadaíra, has been selected for study, whose strategic location as well as its hydrological characteristics, gave rise, firstly, to an intensive milling industry, and, later, a famed baking industry,, from the late Middle Ages until recent decades. The huge development of these two industrial activities has made Alcalá de Guadaíra an exceptional example in Spain, with 40 watermills in the early 18 th century.Extensive work on site allowed the analysis of the state and types of watermills that still exist in this area, identifying their similarities and differences. Unfortunately, after they fell into disuse, only 28 of these mills remain today, 12 of them are in a relative good state of preservation, seven in an alarming state of ruin and, of the other nine, only some unrecognisable vestiges remain. Some of these mill buildings have been restored recently, although their machinery is missing. Only from old photographs or by visiting mills restored in other areas is it possible to determine how these watermills worked.Due to the lack of financial resources to carry out physical restoration of the industrial heritage missing in these flour mills, a virtual model of one of them has been developed. This work provides, at least virtually, a reconstruction of the traditional mills which helps promote technological studies and shows how they worked, as part of virtual exhibitions. In addition, a computer application of augmented reality has been developed that any visitor can install on a mobile device to display the virtual reality of the machinery, generated by 3D models, so they can visualise the physical reality that they would have found in the mill.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watermills: The Origin of the Use of Renewable Hydraulic Energy in Spain

Sánchez-Jiménez¹,

González²

2018

Industrial Archaeology Review

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“…Theories associated with reverse engineering are not widely applied in archaeology (Bouzakis et al, 2010); however, there are a number of archaeological examples associated with finite elements analysis (FEA) that do point toward a broader interest in the application of reverse engineering principles. Examples of FEA in archaeological practice can be seen in analyses of ceramics (Kilikoglou & Vekinis, 2002;Gandon et al, 2011), the USS Arizona (Foecke et al, 2010), the Albolafia waterwheel (Castro-García et al, 2015), and ancient architecture (Levy & Dawson, 2009).…”

Section: Reverse Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Engineering a Bronze Cannon from the La Belle Shipwreck

Selden

Jones

2021

Hist Arch

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The goal of this project was to scan and reverse engineer one of three bronze cannons (41MG86 -11900-1) recovered from the La Belle excavation, which is currently on exhibit at the Bullock Texas State History Museum in Austin, Texas. A freeform computer aided design (CAD) model was generated based upon the topology of the three-dimensional (3-D) mesh in Geomagic Design X with a desired maximum deviation of 0.1 mm between the model and the mesh.Deviations were calculated in Geomagic Control X using the surface model as the reference data, and the mesh as the measured data. A custom patch network was subsequently designed using a series of iterative revisions until the whole of the surface model met with the specified tolerance. The 3-D surface model of the cannon will be replicated in a variety of media at variable scales for use in exhibits and for educational and promotional material for the Texas Historical Commission, the Republic of France, and their partner museums.

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“…To better characterize the stability and flow characteristics for water wheels with different numbers of blades, Nguyen Manh Hung et al [21] discussed fluctuation of water-level differences between upstream and downstream areas and the output for different numbers of wheels; it was found that the six-blade wheels generated a greater torque and the water-level difference would be elevated remarkably as the number of blades increased. Many other studies had also been researched for breast and undershot water wheels through experiments and simulations [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, those researches cannot have a generalized conclusion; water wheels still need to be developed for improving their performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Investigation of the Immersed Depth Effects on a Water Wheel Using Experimental and Numerical Analyses

Zhao

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2020

Water

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The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different immersed depths on water wheel performance and flow characteristics using numerical simulations. The results indicate that the simulation methods are consistent with experiments with a maximum error less than 5%. Under the same rotational speeds, the efficiency is much higher and the fluctuation amplitude of the torque is much smaller as the immersed radius ratio increases, and until an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, the wheel shows the best performance, achieving a maximum efficiency of 18.05% at a tip-speed ratio (TSR) of 0.1984. The average difference in water level increases as the immersed radius ratio increases until 82.76%. The water area is much wider and the water volume fraction shows more intense change at the inlet stage at a deep immersed depth. At an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%, some air intrudes into the water at the inlet stage, coupled with a dramatic change in the water volume fraction that would make the flow more complex. Furthermore, eddies are found to gradually generate in a single flow channel nearly at the same time, except for an immersed depth of 1.2 m. However, eddies generate in two flow channels and can develop initial vortexes earlier than other cases because of the elevation of the upstream water level at an immersed radius ratio of 82.76%.

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Technical and functional analysis of Albolafia waterwheel (Cordoba, Spain): 3D modeling, computational-fluid dynamics simulation and finite-element analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Watermills: The Origin of the Use of Renewable Hydraulic Energy in Spain

Watermills: The Origin of the Use of Renewable Hydraulic Energy in Spain

Reverse Engineering a Bronze Cannon from the La Belle Shipwreck

Performance Investigation of the Immersed Depth Effects on a Water Wheel Using Experimental and Numerical Analyses

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