Abramovitz (1986) and Maddison (1979), among others, suggests that a firm or country behind the world innovation frontier can grow faster by imitating technologies already developed in technologically more advanced economies. The larger the technology gap between the firm or country and the world innovation frontier, the faster the catch up. In this sense, CPH is also known as the technology gap hypothesis (TGH) (Hussler, 2004).The traditional catch-up literature is descriptive, focusing on historical analysis of cross-country income convergence (Fagerberg, 1995). Recent literature contains econometric analysis of convergence or catch-up mainly at the macro level (e.g. Archibugi & Filippetti, 2011;Cameron, et al., 2005;Griffith, et al., 2009;Parente & Prescott, 1999), though there are a small number of micro level studies (e.g. Aiello, et al., 2011;Baily, et al., 1992;Bartelsman & Doms, 2000;Disney, et al., 2003;Lee, et al., 2012). Knowledge diffusion and imitation are essential for catch-up, but they are by no means automatic (Fagerberg, 1995). Following Ohkawa and Rosovsky (1973), Abramovitz (1994) adopts the concept of 'social capability' to explain catch-up, and a key element is technology.However, TGH is at its early stage, lacks a sound theoretical foundation for the determinants of social capability.More recent economic literature attempts to apply new growth theory (NGT) to explain convergence or catch-up between countries by emphasizing the role of externalities from not only international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), but also a country's own technological capability (TC) (Archibugi & Filippetti, 2011;Balasubramanyam, et al., 1996). The business or management literature 3 also emphasizes TC. As argued by Dyker and Radošević (2001), whether the follower can catch-up depends on its ability to assimilate technology and brings its own knowledge stock up. China provides an ideal context for addressing these questions. Since its economic reform and opening up in 1978, Chinese foreign trade has grown by approximately 15% per year, and FDI into China is now more than US$ 80 billion a year (Lau & Bruton, 2008). China has already become a major destination for FDI in the world and a trading nation of global rank (OECD, 2008). There are two