Technological and scientific issues of room-temperature molten salts

Takahashi, Satoshi; Koura, Nobuyuki; Kohara, Shinji; Saboungi, Marie‐Louise; Curtiss, L.A.

doi:10.1016/s1288-3255(99)00105-7

Cited by 77 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…This review is intended to be a sequel to the many excellent reviews about these solvents. 8,[31][32][33][34][35] Aluminum Electrodeposition from Haloaluminate-Based RTILs and Solvate ILs Aluminum electroplating.-As noted above, aluminum electroplating has been studied extensively in the Lewis acidic AlCl 3 -[C 2 mim]Cl and AlCl 3 -[C 4 py]Cl RTILs. Chloroaluminate RTILs based on other types of organic chloride salts have also been studied for this purpose, but they have been found to offer little or no advantage over these systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, we review the progress in the area of electrochemical technology with Lewis acidic haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and AlBr 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and novel chloroaluminate mixtures consisting of AlCl 3 and polarizable molecules, e.g., dimethylsulfone and urea, during this decade. The number of researchers in the field seems to increase steadily, because now we can handle haloaluminate RTILs and their mixtures with other solvents and materials more easily than we could in the past. In this review, we have categorized the electrochemical technology based on these RTILs into two topics: electroplating and energy storage. In fact, much of the current research is based on work begun during the period from ∼1970 until the 1990's. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which is a name synonymous with room-temperature molten salts, have received considerable attention as novel reaction media, liquid materials, and starting materials for functional carbon material. (The name "ionic liquid" was arbitrarily chosen to represent what are actually salts that liquefy at temperatures below 373 K.) The interest in these materials stems from their favorable physicochemical properties, such as low-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, relatively high ionic conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is now common knowledge in the chemistry community that many RTILs are stable in air or even water. The "first generation ionic liquids" were difficult to handle because the typical anions known at that time, e.g., AlCl 4 − and Al 2 Cl 7 − , reacted strongly with moisture in the air. Only a very limited number of laboratories with special skills for handling them could effectively use these RTILs. No doubt, the flourishing interest in RTIL chemistry was heavily abetted by the discovery of air and water stable systems, i.e., the so-called "second generation ionic liquids".However, we should not devalue the first generation systems such as those based on quaternary organic halide salts and aluminum halides, e.g., AlBr 3 and AlCl 3 , known as haloaluminates. The reactivity of the haloaluminates as well as their adjustable Lewis acidity is precisely what makes them interesting and very versatile. By contrast, the second-generation "inert" ionic liquids, are just that: inert and nonreactive, both chemically and electrochemically. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the haloaluminates, which are important factors for the electrochemical applications described herein, exceed those for the comparable second-generation RTILs. For example, the ionic conductivity and viscosity for 60.0-40.0 mole percent (or 60 mol%) AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 mim]Cl) are 17.1 mS cm −1 and 15.35 mPa s, respectively, at 298 K.8 (In the interest of brevity, we will refer to the composition of these ionic liquids by simply stating only the amount of the aluminum halide.) On the other ...

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confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The introduction of Ionic Liquids (ILs) (namely room temperature molten salts) as electrochemical media for the aluminium electrodeposition offered a very promising route to succeed in this goal. Since the first pioneeristic studies in the 90 th [2], a large number of investigations successfully reported, at lab scale, the electrodeposition of aluminium at room or nearly room temperature. Different type of ionic liquids [3][4][5][6][7], ionic liquid mixtures and additives [8,9] were proposed to achieve the electrodeposition of bulk or nanostructured, dull or matt Al-coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminium electrodeposition fron ionic liquid: effect of deposition temperature and sonication

Caporali

Berretti

Giaccherini

et al. 2016

Proceedings of 2nd International Electronic Conference on Materials

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Abstract:Since their discovery, ionic liquids (IL) have attracted a wide interest for their potential use as medium for many chemical processes, which vary from extraction, to catalysis, to organic synthesis to energy storage. Th eir use as electrochemical media allowed the electrodeposition of metals that are impossible to reduce in aqueous media. In particular, the first generation ILs, namely chloroaluminated ILs, have made possible the deposition of aluminium from his chloride salt. Despite the discovery of this process in the nineties, nowadays aluminium electrodeposition from chloroaluminate ILs still maintains a number of open issues regarding both fundamental and technological aspects. The present communication aims to shed some light about this process as concerns the effect of deposition parameters on the quality of the deposits. Thick (20 μm) Al-coatings were electrodeposited on brass substrates at different temperature and mixing conditions. The so obtained coatings were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, rugosimetry and X-ray diffraction to asses their morphology and phase composition. Finally, with the intent to correlate the coating structures with their corrosion properties, electrochemical corrosion tests were performed.

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“…In fact, not all metal ions can be deposited from aqueous solution due to the small electrochemical window of water (1,2). Recently, Ionic Liquids have been applied to the deposition of coatings with a high technological potential (3,4). We refer to ionic liquids (ILs) speaking of "Room temperature molten salts", which have been in their infancy 15 years ago, and are now assessed as viable alternative to traditional electrochemical media, able to join the room temperature melting point of organic solvents with the optimal electrochemical behavior of molten salts (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Elements Analysis of an Electrochemical Coating Process of an Irregularly Shaped Cathode with COMSOL Multiphysics^®

et al. 2015

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The overall goal of this work is the use of COMSOL Multiphysics® in the modelling of the current density distributions for the electrodeposition of Aluminium coatings from Ionic Liquids baths. The local current distribution is strongly dependant on the conductivity, on the distribution of concentrations and on the geometry of the galvanic cell, such a calculation can only be performed by the numerical solution of the PDE’s governing the system. This work approach is to exploit computational techniques based on the well-known FEA (Finite Elements Analysis) to obtain stationary and dynamical solutions of such problem. The ability to predict the local current density on an electrode is crucial to eventually evidence portions where the deposition may be invalidated.

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Technological and scientific issues of room-temperature molten salts

Cited by 77 publications

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Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Aluminium electrodeposition fron ionic liquid: effect of deposition temperature and sonication

Finite Elements Analysis of an Electrochemical Coating Process of an Irregularly Shaped Cathode with COMSOL Multiphysics^®

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Technological and scientific issues of room-temperature molten salts

Cited by 77 publications

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Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Aluminium electrodeposition fron ionic liquid: effect of deposition temperature and sonication

Finite Elements Analysis of an Electrochemical Coating Process of an Irregularly Shaped Cathode with COMSOL Multiphysics®

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Finite Elements Analysis of an Electrochemical Coating Process of an Irregularly Shaped Cathode with COMSOL Multiphysics^®