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The electrification mechanism of an oxide particle in a bath was analyzed. The zeta-potentials of various oxide particles in an acetone bath were found to be positive. The data suggested that H+ ions are generated in an acetone bath containing a small amount of added I2 and H2O by the keto-enol equilibrium reaction and then adsorbed on the oxide resulting in positively charged particles. The adsorption of H+ ions was assumed to be of the type of mono-molecular adsorption. Moreover, the electrodeposition flocculation mechanism for the particle was also investigated. On the basis of a relation of electrophoretic current with depositing time well described by the Cottrell equation, it was suggested that the electrochemical reaction proceeds on the cathode substrate surface and that the rate-determining step arises from the diffusion of H+ ions in the deposited film.

Room temperature molten salt I Chloroaluminates structure I Neutron diffraction I Ab initio calculationsThe structures of AlCl,-l-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride melts in the concentration range of 46-67 mol% A1C13 were measured by neutron diffraction techniques. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations (6-31G* basis set) were carried out on the isolated ions which are known to form in these melts (AlClj, ALCI7, and EMU) and some of their complexes (A1CL · · · EMI+ and Al2Cl7 ... EMU). The structures and binding energies of AlClj ... EMI+ and A12CL · ·EMU are presented. The diffraction patterns derived from the complexes and the isolated ions are compared with the measurements.

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